Expression and Role of Peptides, Proteins and Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Pasquale Florio, Serena Pinzauti, Aldo Altomare, Stefano Luisi, Pietro Litta, Felice Petraglia
In: Journal of Endometriosis · 2009 · vol. 1(2) , pp. 79–93 · doi:10.1177/228402650900100203 · W4247511572
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 3 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This review evaluates the expression and complex network interactions of peptides, proteins, and growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and endometriotic tissue growth and survival.

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Abstract

Growing evidence is demonstrating that several peptides (corticotrophin-releasing factor, urocortins, ghrelin), proteins (leptin, adiponectin) and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor; epidermal growth factor family of growth factors and receptors, fibroblast growth factor, insulin like growth factor and insulin like growth factor-binding proteins, transforming growth factor-β and, activin A and related proteins) are expressed in endometriotic implants, and locally play a relevant role in affecting the biological mechanisms leading to endometriosis. They establish a complex network of interactions by which they are therefore able to stimulate angiogenesis, inflammatory cell recruitment and reaction, the growth of endometriotic tissue and its survival through the modulation of the narrow immune system. This review will evaluate the role played by several regulatory peptides, proteins and growth factors in affecting endometrial physiology and the putative mechanisms advocated to explain endometriosis (angiogenesis, cellular and humoral immunity, inflammatory response, endometrial cell proliferation, activation, motility, adhesion and invasion).

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endometriosis

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