The endometrium and endometriosis

S. K. Smith
In: Modern Approaches to Endometriosis · 1991 · pp. 57–77 · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3864-2_4 · W189848772
book-chapter OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 17 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

Endometriosis involves endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, with retrograde menstruation potentially explaining its presence in many women, implying differences in implantation capacity or peritoneal environment.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This paper reviews endometrial regulation—focusing on endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors—and examines how these mechanisms relate to endometriosis etiology. It discusses the classic Sampson implantation hypothesis and cites evidence for retrograde menstruation, including findings of peritoneal blood in many women with patent fallopian tubes and detection of endometrial glands in peritoneal fluid, with the caveat that endometrial cells comprise less than 20% of recovered peritoneal cells and that multiple competing explanations for differential implantation/growth are possible. It also surveys steroidal regulation of endometriosis tissue and the broader context of estrogen-related growth factors in uterine endometrium and endometriosis. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it reviews how endometrial differentiation and proliferation may drive ectopic endometrial implantation and growth via endocrine/paracrine/autocrine regulation, including evidence supporting retrograde menstruation.

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endometriosis

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last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
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