Risk factors associated with endometriosis among infertile Iranian women

Ashraf Moini, Farideh Malekzadeh, Elham Amirchaghmaghi, Fahimeh Kashfi, Mohammad Reza Akhoond, Maryam Saei, Mohammad Hossein Mirbolok
Archives of medical science : AMS · 2013 · vol. 3 , pp. 506–514 · doi:10.5114/aoms.2013.35420 · PMID:23847674 · PMC3701984 · W1971631761
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 43 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This case-control study identified age, infertility duration, BMI, menstrual cycle characteristics, abortion history, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and family history as predictors of endometriosis among infertile Iranian women.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This case-control study investigated demographic, menstrual, and reproductive characteristics of 403 infertile Iranian women undergoing laparoscopy at two Tehran referral clinics (April 2009–March 2010) to identify risk factors associated with endometriosis and to build logistic regression models predicting any endometriosis versus severe disease (ASRM stages I–II mild; III–IV severe). Logistic regression found that age, duration of infertility, BMI, duration of menstrual cycle, abortion history, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and family history of endometriosis independently predicted any type, while education, duration of infertility, BMI, menstrual bleeding characteristics, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and family history independently predicted severe endometriosis; discrimination was reported as AUC 0.781 and 0.855, respectively. The main caveat explicitly stated is that endometriosis status was determined by laparoscopy with exclusions for other laparoscopic abnormalities, and the study is limited to infertile women presenting to these clinics. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it analyzes risk factors for endometriosis among infertile Iranian women and models predictors of severe disease.

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Abstract

I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n: : Endometriosis is defined as overgrowth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis may be asymptomatic or associated with dysmenorrheal symptoms, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors related to endometriosis among infertile Iranian women. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d m me et th ho od ds s: : In this case control study, infertile women referred for laparoscopy and infertility workup to two referral infertility clinics in Tehran, Iran were studied. According to the laparoscopy findings, women were divided into case (women who had pelvic endometriosis) and control (women with normal pelvis) groups. The case group was divided into two subgroups: stage I and II of endometriosis were considered as mild while stage III and IV were categorized as severe endometriosis. A questionnaire was completed for each patient. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Logistic regression showed that age, duration of infertility, body mass index (BMI), duration of menstrual cycle, abortion history, dyspareunia, pelvic pain and family history of endometriosis are independent predictive factors for any type of endometriosis. In addition, it was shown that education, duration of infertility, BMI, amount and duration of menstrual bleeding, menstrual pattern, dyspareunia, pelvic pain and family history of endometriosis are independent predictive factors of severe endometriosis. The AUCs for these models were 0.781 (0.735-0.827) and 0.855 (0.810-0.901) for any type of endometriosis and severe endometriosis, respectively. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on ns s: : It seems that any type of endometriosis and severe ones could be predicted according to demographic, menstrual and reproductive characteristics of infertile women.

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endometriosisdyspareuniainfertility

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