Endometriosis associated diseases, endometriosis and cancer: what is in common?
This review compares endometriosis and malignant tumors, exploring risk factors, morphology, atypical endometriosis, pathogenesis, and the association between endometriosis and chronic diseases, including rare cancers.
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The paper reviews shared mechanisms and epidemiologic links among endometriosis, “endometriosis-associated diseases,” and malignancies, drawing on a large body of literature to describe diagnostic overlaps and molecular approaches such as omics-based panels. It reports associations between endometriosis and several cancer types (notably endometriosis-linked ovarian tumors and adenomyosis-related endometrial cancer, as well as increased risks reported for breast, endocrine-system tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and brain tumors), and discusses proposed biological commonalities including dysregulated signaling, cytokines, stem-cell involvement, epigenetic changes, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. A key caveat is that many aspects of etiology and pathogenesis remain unresolved, with the paper emphasizing that links may be direct or indirect and that it is not clear whether shared risk factors or stepwise mutational progression predominates. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it synthesizes what is common between endometriosis-associated diseases and cancer, including explicit discussion of adenomyosis as an endometriosis-related condition and its malignancy risks.
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