Sulindac Suppresses Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and RANTES Gene and Protein Expression in Endometrial Stromal Cells from Women with Endometriosis
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Sulindac suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation and RANTES gene and protein expression in endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis.
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Abstract
Context: The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is a critical mediator of RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) gene regulation and therefore represents a potential target for therapy of endometriosis-associated symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the antiinflammatory drug sulindac on NF-κB activation, NF-κB-mediated gene expression, RANTES gene and protein expression in endometrial stromal cells isolated from women with endometriosis, and unaffected controls. Design: This was a clinical experimental study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university hospital. Results: The inflammatory response in endometriosis is augmented by a 5-fold increased TNFα-induced RANTES secretion from ectopic endometriotic stromal cells, compared with normal endometrial stromal cells (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed basal activation of NF-κB in endometriotic cells, which could be suppressed by sulindac. EMSAs showed that sulindac dramatically decreased NF-κB activation and diminished TNFα and IL-1β-induced NF-κB DNA binding activity. Sulindac pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in TNFα-induced luciferase activity of NF-κB response element and −477 bp RANTES promoter constructs in normal and endometriotic stromal cells. The addition of sulindac to IL-1β- and TNFα-treated endometriotic stromal cells also resulted in a 4-fold inhibition of RANTES protein secretion (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that sulindac exerts strong antiinflammatory effects by suppression of NF-κB translocation, inhibition of NF-κB-mediated gene transcription, RANTES gene expression, and protein secretion in normal and endometriotic stromal cells. These results suggest that drugs targeting the NF-κB pathway may be beneficial in the treatment of endometriosis-associated symptoms.
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