Noninvasive diagnosis of external genital endometriosis based on the determination of cytokines controlling angiogenesis

Sharifat T. Suleimanova, Maria I. Yarmolinskaya, S. А. Selkov, Д. И. Соколов
In: Medical academic journal · 2026 · vol. 26(1) , pp. 14–30 · doi:10.17816/maj642079 · W7163910666
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This review synthesizes data on angiogenesis-controlling cytokines in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood of women with endometriosis, correlating them with color Doppler imaging parameters for noninvasive diagnosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This paper is a narrative review that synthesizes published evidence on cytokines and other factors that regulate angiogenesis in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood of women with endometriosis, and links these findings to color Doppler imaging parameters in external genital endometriosis. The authors’ key premise is that, despite extensive study of cytokine-related mechanisms, no single highly sensitive and highly specific noninvasive diagnostic marker has yet been established, and they discuss how Doppler vascularization patterns may mirror the angiogenic biology of endometriotic implants. A major limitation explicitly acknowledged by the framing is the absence of an identified definitive blood/peritoneal marker with the required diagnostic performance. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically reviews noninvasive diagnostic approaches for external genital endometriosis based on angiogenesis-regulating cytokines and Doppler imaging.

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Abstract

External genital endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by neoangiogenesis in endometriotic implants, which is controlled by a variety of factors. Recently, a great deal of research has been devoted to studying the pathogenetic role of cytokines and other factors in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid in endometriosis. Nevertheless, a highly sensitive and highly specific marker for the noninvasive diagnosis of external genital endometriosis has not yet been identified. Color Doppler imaging, being one of the noninvasive methods for studying the vascular bed, is increasingly used to determine the type of vascularization in malignant tumors. Although endometriosis is considered a benign lesion, it still has signs of invasiveness and distant metastasis, with similar patterns of formation of the vascular bed feeding endometriotic implants. The purpose of this review was to synthesize published data on the content and pathogenetic role of cytokines and factors controlling angiogenesis in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood in women with endometriosis, and also to correlate these data with color Doppler imaging parameters in external genital endometriosis.

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