Endometriosis: Increased prevalence and recurrence of retrograde menstruation in baboons with spontaneous endometriosis
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This study found that retrograde menstruation is more prevalent and recurs more frequently in baboons with spontaneous endometriosis compared to those without the condition.
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Abstract
This study was done to test the hypothesis that the incidence and recurrence of retrograde menstruation is higher in baboons with spontaneous endometriosis than in those without. A total of 399 laparoscopies was performed on 113 female baboons. Group 1 consisted of 84 animals with a normal pelvis (including 23 that later underwent induction of endometriosis and were assigned to group 4), group 2 comprised nine baboons with spontaneous endometriosis acquired during the last 2 years of the study, group 3 had 18 baboons with long-term spontaneous disease, and group 4 comprised 25 animals with induced endometriosis. Retrograde menstruation was defined by the presence of blood-stained peritoneal fluid (red or dark brown) during menses. Recurrence of retrograde menstruation was analysed during the first two laparoscopies in 13 baboons. Peritoneal fluid was 10 times more frequently blood-stained during menses (62%) than during non-menstrual phases (6%). Retrograde menstruation was observed more frequently in animals with spontaneous disease (groups 2 and 3, 83%) than in animals with a normal pelvis (group 1, 51%). Recurrence of retrograde menstruation was observed more frequently in baboons with spontaneous endometriosis (5/5) than in those without (3/8). The results of this study demonstrate that retrograde menstruation is common in baboons, with a higher prevalence and recurrence in animals with spontaneous endometriosis than in those without.
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Cited by (38)
- Etiologies of endometriosis and model systems: is there a risk of a tunnel vision? 2025
- Endometrial Determinism of Endometriosis: An Unnecessary Adjunct to Retrograde Menstruation 2024
- The Known, the Unknown and the Future of the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis 2024
- Is retrograde menstruation a universal, recurrent, physiological phenomenon? A systematic review of the evidence in humans and non-human primates 2024
- The combined impact of testosterone and Western-style diet on endometriosis severity and progression in rhesus macaques† 2022
- Regulation of angiogenesis by microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in endometriosis 2022
- Endometriosis 2018
- Identifying biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis 2016
- Menstrual endometrial supernatant may induce stromal endometriosis in baboons 2014
- Lesion kinetics in a non-human primate model of endometriosis 2012
- Apoptosis Resistance in Endometriosis 2011
- Is the baboon model appropriate for endometriosis studies? 2011
- Pathogenesis of endometriosis 2010
- Semi-invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis Doctoral Thesis 2010
- ‘Nobody really knows what it is or how to treat it’: Why women with endometriosis do not comply with healthcare advice 2009
- Nonhuman Primate Models for Translational Research in Endometriosis 2009
- Baboon Model for Endometriosis 2009
- Endometrial paradigms 2008
- Expression und Regulation von Enzymen des Östrogenmetabolismus in humanen Endometriumläsionen kultiviert in der Nacktmaus 2007
- Cyclical sciatica 2007
- Baboon Model for the Study of Endometriosis 2007
- Endometriosis presenting like a psoas abscess 2007
- Endometriosis involving the ileocaecal junction with regional lymph node involvement in the baboon—striking pathological finding identical between the human and the baboon: A Case Report 2006
- Increased peritoneal and endometrial gene expression of biologically relevant cytokines and growth factors during the menstrual phase in women with endometriosis 2006
- The Baboon as an Appropriate Model for the Study of Multifactoral Aspects of Human Endometriosis 2005
- Eziopatogenesi dell'endometriosi 2005
- Recombinant Human TNFRSF1A (r-hTBP1) Inhibits the Development of Endometriosis in Baboons: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo- and Drug-Controlled Study1 2005
- Uterine receptivity and implantation: The regulation and action of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), HOXA10 and forkhead transcription factor-1 (FOXO-1) in the baboon endometrium 2004
- Animal Models for Research on Endometriosis 2003
- Potential involvement of the immune system in the development of endometriosis 2003
- Endometriosis, retrograde menstruation and peritoneal inflammation in women and in baboons 2002
- Macrophages, Oxidation, and Endometriosis 2002
- Atherosclerosis, Oxidation and Endometriosis 2002
- Effect of menstruation and intrapelvic injection of endometrium on inflammatory parameters of peritoneal fluid in the baboon (Papio anubis and Papio cynocephalus ) 2001
- CD44s Expression is Reduced in Endometriotic Lesions Compared to Eutopic Endometrium in Women with Endometriosis 2001
- Increase in the expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on peritoneal natural killer cells in women with endometriosis 2000
- An experimental model for the endometriosis in athymic mice 1999
- Clinical relevance of the baboon as a model for the study of endometriosis 1997
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- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-06-13T06:22:48.782012+00:00
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- pubmed
- last seen: 2026-05-13T22:10:57.821266+00:00
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