Endometriosis, Infertility, and Oocyte Quality

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glandular and stromal cells existing in the extra-uterine environment. Estimates show that endometriosis affects 10–15% of all women of reproductive age. Approximately, 25–50% of infertile women may be affected by endometriosis and 30–50% patients with endometriosis may suffer from infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the association of endometriosis and infertility, including distorted pelvic anatomy, impaired ovary function, altered microenvironment, affected endometrial receptivity, and reduced oocyte/embryo quality. Patients with endometriosis have inflammatory processes within the increased amount of peritoneal fluid noted. These inflammatory processes and hormonal changes have shown to alter folliculogenesis, sperm motility, tubal transport, and embryo implantation. Oocyte quality is an important factor in the success of assisted reproductive technology treatment, and the environment of follicle growth has a significant influence on this quality. It is very difficult, however, to directly evaluate oocyte quality. Follicular fluid (FF), however, might reflect the environment during follicle and oocyte growth. Therefore, an evaluation of oxidative stress in the FF might be useful in predicting oocyte quality. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations - ART: - Assisted reproductive technique - COH: - Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation - COS: - Controlled ovarian stimulation - COX-2–PGE2: - Cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin-2 - FF: - Follicular fluid - GM-CSF: - Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulator factor - GPx: - Glutathione peroxidase - GR: - Glutathione reductase - ICSI: - Intracytoplasmatic sperm injection - IFN-α: - Interferon-α - IL-1: - Interleukin-1 - IL-12: - Interleukin-12 - IL-2: - Interleukin-2 - IL-4: - Interleukin-4 - IL-6: - Interleukin-6 - IL-8: - Interleukin-8 - IVF: - In vitro fertilization - LPO: - Lipid peroxidation - MCP-1: - Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 - MCs: - Mast cells - MMPs: - Matrix metalloproteinases - NK: - Natural Killer - NO: - Nitric oxide - OFF: - Ovarian follicular fluid - OS: - Oxidative stress - PCR: - Polymerase chain reaction - PDGF: - Platelet-derived growth factor - PF: - Peritoneal fluid - PG: - Prostaglandin - PP: - Peripheral plasma - ROL: - Retinol - ROS: - Reactive oxygen species - SOD: - Superoxide dismutase - SOD1: - Superoxide dismutase 1 - TAC: - Total antioxidant capacity - TEM: - Transmission electron microscopy - TGF-β: - Transforming growth factor-β - TNF-α: - Tumor necrosis factor-α - VEGF: - Vascular endothelial growth factor 3

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