Ovarian endometrioma – a possible finding in adolescent girls and young women: a mini-review

Krzysztof Gałczyński, Maciej Jóźwik, Dorota Lewkowicz, Anna Semczuk-Sikora, Anna Semczuk‐Sikora, Andrzej Semczuk
Journal of ovarian research · 2019 · vol. 12(1) , pp. 104 · doi:10.1186/s13048-019-0582-5 · PMID:31699129 · PMC6839067 · W2983263595
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This review highlights ovarian endometrioma as a potential diagnosis for chronic pelvic pain in adolescent girls and young women, noting diagnostic delays and its association with ovarian cancer.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This mini-review discusses endometriosis in adolescent girls and young women with emphasis on ovarian endometrioma as a differential diagnosis for long-term, drug-resistant chronic pelvic pain and symptoms of pelvic mass, using published evidence on definitions, mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic delays, and pathology. It reports that endometrioma occurs in about 17–44% of patients with endometriosis and represents roughly 35% of benign ovarian cysts, while suggesting a minimum 4-year interval from menarche onset to endometrioma formation requiring surgery; it also notes that the pathogenesis of early-life endometrioma may differ from other endometriosis types. The review highlights that diagnosis is often delayed in adolescents and that early disease may be more “florid” with minimal fibrosis than adult lesions, while also acknowledging limited prevalence data and that EOE origin may involve additional factors such as neonatal uterine bleeding and/or Müllerian anomalies. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically ovarian endometrioma as a possible early finding in adolescent girls and young women.

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Abstract

Young girls before menarche or menstruating adolescent women may experience long-term drug-resistant chronic pelvic pain, as well as other symptoms associated with pelvic mass. In such cases, it is of great importance to consider ovarian endometrioma in the differential diagnosis. In general, endometrioma is recognized as an ovarian cyst. However, in most cases, the pathology represents pseudocyst with a partial or complete endometrial-like lining with extraovarian adhesions and endometriotic implants which are likely to occur at the sites of ovarian adhesions and at the ceiling of the ovarian fossa. Ovarian endometriomas occur in 17-44% patients with endometriosis and account for 35% of all benign ovarian cysts. The time span from the onset of menarche to the time of endometrioma formation, which requires surgical intervention, has been evaluated to be a minimum of 4 years. The pathogenesis of early-life endometrioma may be different from other types of endometriosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in adolescents, who tend to wait too long before seeking professional help. The three specific aims of treatment in adolescents with endometriosis and endometriomas are control of symptoms, prevention of further progression of the disease as well as preservation of fertility. Increasing evidence demonstrates association between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian cancer. In the present mini-review, we draw the particular attention of clinicians to such a possibility, even if relatively infrequently reported.

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Condition tags

endometriosisendometriomachronic_pelvic_pain

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Ovarian Diseases Age Factors Age of Onset Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Disease Management Disease Susceptibility Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Humans Outcome Assessment, Health Care Ovarian Diseases Ovarian Diseases Ovarian Diseases Ovarian Diseases

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