Effectiveness of Histopathological Changes of Induced Thin Layer Endometrium by Pentoxifylline and Pentoxifylline-Loaded Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid on Female Rats

S Saleem Raheem, Huda Falah Hasan, Akhtar Ali, Adnan Mansour Jasim
In: Archives of Razi Institute · 2023 · vol. 78(6) , pp. 1762–1770 · doi:10.32592/ari.2023.78.6.1762 · PMID:38828173 · W4391509973
article OA: diamond CC0
📄 Open PDF View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 ⓘ

This study found that pentoxifylline-loaded PLGA improved histopathological changes, specifically endometrium and myometrium thickness, in female rats with induced thin-layer endometrium more effectively than pentoxifylline alone.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a vasoactive agent that plays a significant role in the treatment of thin-layer endometrium cases. The PTXF, also identified as oxpentifylline, is a member of xanthine derivatives and a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor leading to the elevation of intracellular cAMP, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and leukotriene synthesis, activation of protein kinase A, and reduction of inflammation and innate immunity. Moreover, it is used as an agent to relieve muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease (vascular irregularities). It is also an acceptable choice for the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the advantageous impact of PTXF and PTXF-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) on female rats after being exposed to ethanol to create a thin layer of the endometrium. For this purpose, 50 female rats were selected and divided into five groups (G1: negative normal control, G2: positive control, G3: PLGA only, G4: preference PTXF, and G5: PLGA-PTXF groups) for a 20-day treatment period. In this study, the histopathological section revealed a perfect improvement in the tissues of the uterine horn of female rats that induced endometria and were treated with PLGA-PTXF. In this group of rats, clear healing was achieved and there was an increase in the thickness of endometrium and myometrium, compared to the ordinary PTXF-treated group which had the lowest recovery characteristics. However, the positive control group underwent a significant decrease in terms of endometrium and myometrium thickness as well as vascular and glandular density. This study showed that the PTXF-loaded PLGA had the capacity to heal the thin layer of the endometrium by improving the levels of histopathological changes, especially regarding the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium more than the ordinary PTXF.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Citation neighborhood (sparse)

Too few in-corpus citations on either side for a chart; here are the lists.

Cites (3)

References (35)

SciLite annotations

chemicals 20
pentoxifylline pentoxifylline pentoxifylline xanthine glycolic acid ethanol 6-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenazine-1-carboxylic acid estradiol tamoxifen pentoxifylline xanthine leukotriene water glycolic acid ethanol ketamine xylazine oxygen dimethyl ethynylboronate vitamin e
organisms 8
rattus sp. rattus sp. rattus sp. rattus sp. rattus sp. multicellular animals human rattus sp.

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
scilite
last seen: 2026-05-18T04:26:01.642840+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK