The CA 125 tumour-associated antigen: a review of the literature
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This review details the CA 125 antigen's nature, distribution in Müllerian tissues, and clinical significance in ovarian cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, alongside its presence in other conditions.
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Abstract
CA 125 is an antigenic determinant on a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein recognized by a monoclonal antibody which was raised using an ovarian cancer cell line as an immunogen. During the last 5 years the studies reviewed in this paper have provided information concerning the nature, distribution and clinical significance of CA 125. The CA 125 determinant is expressed by epithelial ovarian tumours and various other pathological and normal tissues of Müllerian origin. The function of the glycoprotein expressing CA 125 remains unclear but the distribution of the antigen suggests that it may have a physiological role. The highest serum levels of CA 125 are found in ovarian cancer patients, but elevation of serum CA 125 may also be associated with other malignancies and benign and physiological states, including pregnancy, endometriosis and menstruation. Despite limitations of sensitivity and specificity serum CA 125 estimation is of clinical value in the pre-operative diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian malignancy and may be a prognostic indicator for this disease. The role of CA 125 in screening for early-stage ovarian cancer is currently under investigation. Recent reports suggest that serum CA 125 measurement may also be of value as a prognostic indicator in endometrial cancer and as a reflection of disease status in advanced endometriosis.
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Cited by (31)
- Endometriosis: A Malignant Fingerprint 2020
- Correlation of CA-125 with different stages of endometriosis 2018
- Elevated CA 125 in a CASE of Leaking Endometrioma 2018
- Rare Obstructive Müllerian Anomaly with Endometriosis and Elevated CA-125 2017
- Reactivity of CA19-9 and CA125 in histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian tumors and ovarian endometriosis. 2015
- FLORID ADNEXAL POLYPOID ENDOMETRIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH VERY HIGH SERUM CA-125 LEVELS MIMICKING OVARIAN MALIGNANCY (CASE REPORT) 2014
- Evaluation of biodegradable microspheres containing nomegestrol acetate in a rat model of endometriosis 2014
- HE4, Ca125 and ROMA algorithm for differential diagnosis between benign gynaecological diseases and ovarian cancer 2014
- Role of osteopontin in differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors 2013
- Severe adenomyosis and CA125 2013
- Clinical efficacy of serum human epididymis protein 4 as a diagnostic biomarker of ovarian cancer: A pilot study 2013
- The Ovarian Endometrioma: Clinical Setting and Ultrasound Findings 2013
- The diagnostic accuracy of two human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) testing systems in combination with CA125 in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses 2011
- Adding Cancer Antigen 125 Screening to Gray Scale Sonography for Predicting Specific Diagnosis of Benign Adnexal Masses in Premenopausal Women 2011
- Przydatność laparoskopii w leczeniu guzów przydatków 2010
- Serum HE4 concentration differentiates malignant ovarian tumours from ovarian endometriotic cysts 2009
- Proliferação e apoptose em endométrio tópico e ectópico de pacientes com endometriose peritoneal, ovariana e de septo reto-vaginal 2007
- Common Gynecologic Problems in Geriatric-aged Women 2007
- Efficient screening for ovarian cancers using a combination of tumor markers CA602 and CA546 2005
- Efficient screening for ovarian cancers using a combination of tumor markers CA602 and CA546 2005
- The Development of a Mouse Model of Ovarian Endosalpingiosis 2005
- Greatly Elevated Serum CA-125 Level in a Patient with a Ruptured Endometrioma 2005
- Laparoscopic Management of Adnexal Masses 2004
- Serum CA-125 values on the day of oocyte retrieval are not predictive of subsequent pregnancy with in-vitro fertilization 1999
- A prospective randomized controlled study comparing the morphological and biochemical responses of the endometrium to two different forms of 'period-free' hormone replacement therapy 1998
- Explosive rise of serum CA 125 following the rupture of ovarian endometrioma 1998
- Colonic adenocarcinoma in a rhesus macaque (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) 1996
- Correlations between periovulatory serum and follicular fluid CA-125 and granulosa cell hormones after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation 1995
- Clinical evaluation of CA-125 concentrations as a prognostic factor for pregnancy in infertile women with surgically treated endometriosis 1995
- CA 125 in the management of endometriosis 1993
- Multiple serum marker assay in the diagnosis of endometriosis 1992
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