How Benign is Endometriosis: Multi-Scale Interrogation of Documented Evidence

Debabrata Ghosh, Anupa Geethadevi, Bhat MA, Jyotsna Naresh Bharti, Mridha AR, Sharma Jb, Roy Kk, Jayasree Sengupta
In: Current Opinion in Gynecology and Obstetrics · 2019 · pp. 318–345 · doi:10.18314/cogo.v2i1.1840 · W2977729887
article OA: hybrid CC0 ⤵ 7 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This review synthesizes epidemiological and molecular data on endometriosis, proposing a model where cyclic bleeding, inflammation, estrogen, and tissue repair contribute to atypical endometriosis, neoplasm, and malignant transformation in high-risk individuals.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus primarily on pelvic organs and tissues. It affects up to 15% of women in the reproductive age group and is often associated with pelvic pain and subfertility. Different theories explain how retrograde menstruation gives rise to endometrial deposits at ectopic sites, and how several other factors are involved in the progression of the disease. Its final diagnosis is established through direct visualization at laparoscopy or surgery followed by histological confirmation. Available epidemiological reports along with histopathological observations and molecular studies shed interesting light on the pathogenetic basis of different variants of the disease like deep infiltrating endometriosis and ovarian endometriosis. Evidence also suggests that endometriosis is a neoplastic condition which serves as a precursor of ovarian and endometrial cancers. In the present review, we have attempted to take a stock of the current epidemiological and molecular knowledge regarding endometriosis associated cancers and develop a model of functional network with interactions among critical genomic factors regulating cellular processes leading to fibrotic reaction. It is being conjectured that cyclic bleeding associated with inflammatory and oxidative stress followed by repeated tissue injury and repair along with recurrent estrogenic stimulation and ovulatory events in the pelvic environment bring about the complex phenotype of atypical endometriosis and associated neoplasm with a trade-off malignant transformation in high risk population. Finally, we have presented an algorithm for pre-emptive monitoring and management of endometriosis-associated cancers.

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Condition tags

endometriosisdie_deep_infiltrating

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Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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