Cytokins as the markers for non-invasive diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis

M.I. Yarmolinskaya Yarmolinskaya, D. Z. Tsitskarava, S. А. Selkov
In: Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases · 2015 · vol. 64(6) , pp. 6–16 · doi:10.17816/jowd6466-16 · W2350056197
article OA: hybrid CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This study investigated the diagnostic value of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines for the non-invasive diagnosis and severity assessment of pelvic endometriosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

The paper reviews evidence on cytokines as potential non-invasive biomarkers for pelvic endometriosis, focusing on how systemic (peripheral blood) and local (peritoneal fluid) immune dysregulation may mirror morphological disease changes, including form and extent. Drawing on prior studies, it highlights reported associations of interleukin-6 and other inflammatory mediators such as MCP-1, IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-8 with endometriosis, while also noting inconsistent findings across studies (e.g., some reports show weak or absent correlations with clinical features like infertility, and several studies find no correlation between cytokine levels in serum and peritoneal fluid). A stated limitation within the discussion is the heterogeneity of study designs, populations, sample sources, and interpretation of cytokines’ directionality (causal vs consequence), which contributes to ambiguity about which markers reliably reflect diagnosis and severity. Relevance to endometriosis: This paper’s main topic is non-invasive diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis using cytokines (e.g., IL-6, MCP-1, IFNγ) as biomarker candidates, while also emphasizing the role of immune imbalance in endometriosis pathogenesis.

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Abstract

To date, pelvic endometriosis is one of the most widespread gynecological disorders in the women of reproductive age. It has been known that pelvic endometriosis is a progressive disease occuring on the background of chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory response in the lesser pelvis. One of the key element of the pathogenesis of endometriosis is a disfunction of the immune system at both the local and systemic levels. In recent years an upward trend in the number of infiltrative forms has been noted. In relation to the pronounced adhesive process as well as presence of the endometrioid infiltration the risk of complications during surgery increases. Furthermore, aforementioned conditions can lead to subsequent longer period of rehabilitation and additional surgical interventions. Thereby, the markers for non-invasive diagnosis acquire the leading role in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis, analysis of the levels of which may yield a relatively complete picture of the extent of the lesions and adress the issue of the need for surgical treatment (especially repeated) timely. The most pertinent is the assessment of the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the activity of natural killer cells as well as the factors of adhesion and proliferation. The article discusses the diagnostic value of interleukins IL6, IL2, IL33, IL22, transforming growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chemokine MCP1 as well as others for the non-invasive diagnosis of the disease. On the basis of the data presented it may be concluded that the comprehensive assessment of the several cytokines is required for more accurate and timely diagnosis and determining the severity of pelvic endometriosis.

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endometriosis

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