Endometriosis and Adenomyosis in Adolescents and Fertile and Menopausal Women
Endometriosis affects women of all ages, occurring in one in ten reproductive-aged women, 2-4% of postmenopausal women, and 50-60% of adolescents with pelvic pain.
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This chapter provides a high-level overview of endometriosis as an age-independent chronic disease, describing prevalence estimates across reproductive, postmenopausal, and adolescent populations, and noting that endometriotic tissue is anatomically and morphologically heterogeneous compared with eutopic endometrium. It also discusses related adenomyosis pathogenesis and diagnosis at a conceptual level and references clinical presentations, diagnostic and management approaches, and special contexts such as adolescents and women across the lifespan. A stated limitation is that much of the content is necessarily synthesized from prior literature and focuses on summary prevalence and conceptual frameworks rather than presenting new original experimental or trial data. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — providing an overview of its age patterns, tissue characteristics, and related diagnostic/management considerations across adolescence and adulthood, with adenomyosis discussed in parallel.
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