Epidemiology of endometriosis and its comorbidities

F Parazzini, Fabio Parazzini, G Esposito, Giovanna Esposito, Tozzi L, L Tozzi, Luca Tozzi, S Noli, Noli S, S Bianchi, Stefano Bianchi
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2016 · vol. 209 , pp. 3–7 · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.04.021 · PMID:27216973 · W2344042732
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This paper examines the epidemiological patterns of endometriosis and its associated comorbidities.

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Abstract

Genetic profile, inflammation, hormonal activity, menstrual cyclicity, organochlorine burden, prostaglandin metabolism and immunological factors have been suggested to play a role in the establishment and development of endometriosis. From the epidemiological perspective, several risk factors have been studied to suggest or support the different aetiological hypotheses. Social class and family history apart, the factors most consistently associated with endometriosis are early age at menarche and long and heavy menstrual cycles. These menstrual characteristics (together with nulliparity) reflect increased exposure to menstruation. The other main risk factors are pigmentary traits and sun habits, alcohol intake, use of oral contraceptives, and environmental factors such as exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxin. All of these factors support a potential role of hormonal mileau and inflammation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. There is a clear association between endometriosis and gastrointestinal and immunological diseases, ovarian cancer and other gynaecological cancers, and thyroid cancer.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Cardiovascular Diseases Endometriosis Gastrointestinal Diseases Immune System Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Comorbidity Contraception Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Gastrointestinal Diseases Humans Immune System Diseases Prevalence Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Sunbathing

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (47)

Cited by (50)

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License: CC0 · commercial use OK