Co-morbidity of type 1 diabetes and endometriosis: bringing a new paradigm into focus

Rosalia C M Simmen, Dustin M Brown, Charles M Quick, Iad Alhallak, Tyler Rose, Shi J Liu, Angela S Kelley
The Journal of endocrinology · 2019 · vol. 243(3) , pp. R47–R57 · doi:10.1530/joe-19-0248 · PMID:31472479 · W2971162026
review OA: bronze CC0 ⤵ 13 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This review explores the molecular basis for the co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes and endometriosis, and proposes integrating this paradigm into disease management for improved outcomes.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This 2019 review discusses the molecular rationale and evidence for why type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and endometriosis (ENDO) could co-exist in reproductive-age women, focusing on overlapping inflammatory pathways, shared immune dysfunction, cancer risk considerations, vascular dysfunction, and reproductive health outcomes. It summarizes data from human and animal studies indicating that innate immune signaling (including toll-like receptors, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells) contributes to ENDO lesion biology and that similar immune mechanisms are implicated in T1DM, while also noting that the extent to which ENDO predominates in T1DM patients remains unknown. The review further describes established independent links of ENDO to ovarian cancer risk and of T1DM to several cancers, but explicitly states that no studies have yet linked ovarian cancer risk in women with co-morbid T1DM and ENDO. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it is a review that specifically examines co-morbidity with type 1 diabetes and the shared inflammatory and cancer-related rationales for their co-existence.

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and endometriosis separately affect millions of women worldwide. Reproductive-age women diagnosed with type 1 diabetes may also suffer from endometriosis, but the asymptomatic pre-clinical period of highly variable duration for each condition can lead to challenges in the timely recognition of co-morbid disease onset and misdiagnosis. While knowledge of the pathogenesis of each condition has grown substantially, co-morbid endometriosis and type 1 diabetes has not been widely considered and much less addressed. This review discusses the molecular rationale for the likelihood of their co-existence, and prospects for improvements in therapeutic strategies and reduced complications, if this paradigm is included as a significant variable in disease management.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

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References (100)

Cited by (13)

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