Contraceptive methods and risk of pelvic endometriosis

Fabio Parazzini, F Parazzini, M Ferraroni, Monica Ferraroni, Luca Bocciolone, L Bocciolone, Tozzi L, L Tozzi, Luca Tozzi, Rubessa S, S Rubessa, C La Vecchia, Carlo La Vecchia
Contraception · 1994 · vol. 49(1) , pp. 47–55 · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90108-2 · PMID:8137625 · W2064867267
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 48 in-corpus citations
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

This paper investigated the relationship between contraceptive methods and the risk of developing pelvic endometriosis.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

The relation between contraceptive methods and risk of pelvic endometriosis has been analyzed in a case-control study. Cases were 376 women with laparoscopically or laparotomically confirmed pelvic endometriosis admitted to a network of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Controls were 522 women admitted for acute non-gynecological and non-obstetrics conditions to the same hospitals where cases had been identified. A total 153 women (40.3%) out of the 377 cases and 154 (29.7%) out of the 522 controls reported ever oral contraceptive (OC) use: the corresponding relative risk (RR) was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-2.2). The risk was restricted to ex-OC users (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.4), the estimated RR for current users being 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.9). No clear relation emerged with duration, recency and latency of OC use and risk of endometriosis. In comparison with never IUD users, the risk for ever users was 1.3 (95% CI 0.6-2.8), and no clear relation emerged with duration of use. Likewise, no association was observed between barrier method of contraception and risk of endometriosis (RR ever vs never users 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-1.4). The role of selection and other biases should be considered in the interpretation of epidemiological data on the role of OC on the risk of endometriosis.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Contraceptives, Oral Endometriosis Adult Case-Control Studies Contraceptives, Oral Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Humans Intrauterine Devices Intrauterine Devices Risk Factors

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (19)

Cited by (48)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-07-28T06:14:09.330459+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:11:29.222973+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK