Proteinase-activated receptors in the endometrium and endometriosis

Yutaka Osuga, Yasushi Hirota, Osamu Yoshino, Tetsuya Hirata, Kaori Koga, Yuji Taketani
Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) · 2012 · vol. S4(4) , pp. 1201–1212 · doi:10.2741/s326 · PMID:22652866 · W2328983964
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

PAR1 and PAR2 are expressed in endometrial and endometriotic cells, where their activation influences inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, suggesting them as potential therapeutic targets for endometriosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This paper reviews proteinase-activated receptors (PAR1 and PAR2) in the endometrium and in endometriosis, focusing on how these G protein-coupled receptors are expressed and activated by proteinases. It reports that PAR1 and PAR2 are present in eutopic endometrial cells and endometriotic cells, with activators such as thrombin (PAR1) and tryptase (PAR2) produced in both endometrial tissue and endometriotic lesions. The review summarizes findings that PAR1 and PAR2 activation in endometrial stromal cells and in endometriotic stromal cells differentially induce inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6) and tissue remodeling/protease-related activity (e.g., VEGF, matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activator activity), alongside changes in cell proliferation; a stated caveat is that it is a narrative review rather than an original study. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically discusses PAR1/PAR2 expression and their stromal-cell signaling effects in endometriotic lesions.

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Abstract

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by various proteinases. PARs play important roles in haemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. PAR1 and PAR2 are expressed in endometrial cells from the eutopic endometrium and endometriotic cells derived from endometriotic lesions. A typical activator of PAR1, thrombin, and a typical activator of PAR2, tryptase, are produced in the endometrium as well as endometriotic lesions. PAR1 activation in endometrial stromal cells induces production of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases, and increases activities of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. PAR2 activation in endometrial stromal cells stimulates interleukin (IL)-8 and stem cell factor production and proliferation of the cells. PAR1 activation in endometriotic stromal cells induces production of IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and cyclooxygenase-2, and proliferation of the cells. PAR2 activation in endometriotic stromal cells increases secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and the number of the cells. These findings indicate a wide range of function of PAR1 and PAR2 in the endometrium and endometriosis, and suggest PAR1 and PAR2 as possible therapeutic targets for endometriosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometrium Receptors, Proteinase-Activated Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometrium Endometrium Endometrium Female Humans Receptors, Proteinase-Activated

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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Cited by (15)

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