Female Reproductive Disorders, Diseases, and Costs of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the European Union

Patricia A. Hunt, Hunt PA, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Sathyanarayana S, Paul A Fowler, Paul Fowler, Leonardo Trasande
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016 · vol. 101(4) , pp. 1562–1570 · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2873 · PMID:27003299 · PMC4880176 · W2228343898
Other OA: bronze CC0 ⤵ 13 in-corpus citations
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This study estimated that endocrine-disrupting chemicals diphenyldichloroethene and phthalates may contribute to European endometriosis and fibroids, costing nearly €1.5 billion annually.

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Abstract

CONTEXT: A growing body of evidence suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to female reproductive disorders. OBJECTIVE: To calculate the associated combined health care and economic costs attributable to specific EDC exposures within the European Union (EU). DESIGN: An expert panel evaluated evidence for probability of causation using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change weight-of-evidence characterization. Exposure-response relationships and reference levels were evaluated, and biomarker data were organized from carefully identified studies from the peer-reviewed literature to represent European exposure and approximate burden of disease as it occurred in 2010. Cost-of-illness estimation used multiple peer-reviewed sources. SETTING, PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Cost estimation was carried out from a societal perspective, ie, including direct costs (eg, treatment costs) and indirect costs such as productivity loss. RESULTS: The most robust EDC-related data for female reproductive disorders exist for 1) diphenyldichloroethene-attributable fibroids and 2) phthalate-attributable endometriosis in Europe. In both cases, the strength of epidemiological evidence was rated as low and the toxicological evidence as moderate, with an assigned probability of causation of 20%–39%. Across the EU, attributable cases were estimated to be 56 700 and 145 000 women, respectively, with total combined economic and health care costs potentially reaching €163 million and €1.25 billion. CONCLUSIONS: EDCs (diphenyldichloroethene and phthalates) may contribute substantially to the most common reproductive disorders in women, endometriosis and fibroids, costing nearly €1.5 billion annually. These estimates represent only EDCs for which there were sufficient epidemiologic studies and those with the highest probability of causation. These public health costs should be considered as the EU contemplates regulatory action on EDCs.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endocrine Disruptors Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Genital Diseases, Female Adult Adult Cost of Illness Cost of Illness Endocrine Disruptors Endocrine Disruptors Environmental Exposure Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Environmental Pollutants European Union European Union Female Female Genital Diseases, Female Genital Diseases, Female

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

References (100)

Cited by (14)

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europepmc
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