Paul Fowler

Modern living challenges female reproductive health. We are witnessing a rise in reproductive disorders and drop in birth rates across the world. The reasons for these manifestations are multifaceted and most likely include continuous expos…

Currently available test methods are not well-suited for the identification of chemicals that disturb hormonal processes involved in female reproductive development and function. This renders women's reproductive health at increasing risk g…

CONTEXT: A growing body of evidence suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to female reproductive disorders. OBJECTIVE: To calculate the associated combined health care and economic costs attributable to specific EDC…

Purpose There is increasing evidence that immunologic mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A high incidence of infection with Candida albicans in women with endometriosis has been reported. There is evidence to sugge…

The human endometrium is a cyclically regenerating organ under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones. Disturbances in this highly coordinated regulation of endometrial proliferation and differentiation may result in infertility and dise…

The pathogenesis of endometriosis includes the proliferation of heterogeneous endometrial cells and their invasion into ectopic sites within the peritoneal cavity. This may be due to abnormalities of the eutopic endometrium itself, predispo…

Information on the regulation of steroid hormone receptors and their distinct functions within the human endometrial epithelium is largely unavailable. We have immortalized human primary endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) isolated from a n…

ObjectiveTo study the affects of interleukin-8 (IL-8), anti-IL-8, and IL-12 on in vitro proliferation of endometrial cells.DesignAn in vitro study.SettingDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aberdeen, UK.Patient(s)Women at…

BACKGROUND: Subfertile women with endometriosis have been reported to demonstrate impaired follicular growth, ovulatory dysfunction and disturbed LH patterns. In addition, abnormal LH and/or LH receptors have been linked with endometriosis-…

ObjectiveTo study the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on in vitro proliferation of endometrial cells and their production of the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8).DesignIn vitro study.SettingObstetrics and gynec…