REVIEW

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This review traces the historical understanding of endometriosis, from its initial focus on deep pelvic lesions to Sampson's pivotal work recognizing superficial implants and unifying the concept of pelvic endometriosis.

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Abstract

The history of endometriosis is reviewed in the light of today's clinical and pathological knowledge of this disease. Prior to Sampson's report in 1921, attention was focused on the enclosed type of endometriosis, sited deep in the pelvis and called adenomyosis externa. Sampson's first hypothesis, that rupture of an ovarian endometrioma caused superficial peritoneal endometriosis, was probably changed after this observation that the free, superficial peritoneal implants reacted like eutopic endometrium. These implants were recognized as implants from menstrual blood regurgitated into the pelvic cavity. Adenomyosis externa, ovarian endometrioma and peritoneal endometriosis then came to be regarded as the same disease. In the light of today's knowledge, it may be important to remember this progressive understanding in the nosology of what is now universally called pelvic endometriosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosisadenomyosisendometrioma

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Female History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans Ovary Ovary

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

Cited by (36)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-08-23T09:30:01.253652+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:12:00.397535+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-08-23T06:29:45.520198+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK