Causes and mechanisms of endometriosis: an update

Moamar Al‐Jefout, Н. В. Артымук
In: Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · 2019 · vol. 4(3) , pp. 77–82 · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-77-82 · W3006395116
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This review analyzes existing theories on endometriosis risk factors and triggers, suggesting a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism involving all downstream molecular pathways initiates all cases.

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This Russian-language update reviews theories and mechanisms proposed for endometriosis pathogenesis, drawing on historical descriptions and experimental and immunologic/biologic evidence, including menstruation-related dissemination, metaplasia concepts, benign metastasis/vascular spread models, immunosurveillance failure, and roles for inflammation, cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, and possible infection-associated sterile inflammation. The paper emphasizes key conceptual frameworks but is explicitly a narrative/overview rather than a single original study, so its conclusions depend on the underlying literature cited and are not limited to one study design. It also discusses related entities and mechanistic heterogeneity highlighted by prior work on different anatomic lesion types and immune cell involvement. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it is an update of causes and mechanisms of endometriosis pathogenesis, including immune, inflammatory, and dissemination theories that inform understanding relevant to endometriosis and thus also overlaps with broader discussions of adenomyosis-related pelvic disease.

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Abstract

Despite extensive investigations, the causes of endometriosis and mechanisms of its development are largely unknown. Here we review the existing theories, analyzing the risk factors and triggers of endometriosis. We suggest that all cases of endometriosis are initiated through a common pathophysiological mechanism which involves all downstream molecular pathways.
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Новое о теориях патогенеза эндометриоза https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-77-82 Аннотация Об авторах М. Эл-ДжефутРоссия доктор медицины, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии, Колледж медицины и медицинских наук, Аль-Айн, ОАЭ; врач акушер-гинеколог отделения акушерства и гинекологии, Аль-Айн, Объединенные Арабские Эмираты; доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии медицинского факультета, Иордания, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №1, Москва Н. В. Артымук Россия доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии имени профессора Г. А. Ушаковой, 650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22а Список литературы 1. Эл-Джефут М., Артымук Н.В. Соответствует ли скрытый (бессимптомный или микроскопический) эндометриоз определению болезни? Fundamental’naya i klinisheskaya meditsina. 2016;1(2):83-87. (In Russ.). 2. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Harada T, eds. Springer, Japan; 2014. DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-54421-0 3. Knapp VJ. 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Increased risk of endometriosis in patients with lower genital tract infection: a nationwide cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(10):e2773. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002773 46. Heidarpour M, Derakhshan M. Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus infection in women with ovarian endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(1):135-139. DOI: 10.1111/jog.13188 47. Krakauer DC, Plotkin JB. Redundancy, antiredundancy, and the robustness of genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(3):1405-1409. 48. Захаров И.С., Петрич Л.Н., Васютинская Ю.В., Демьянова Т.Н., Фетищева Л.Е. Клинический случай эндометриоза у женщины в постменопаузальном периоде. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2017;2(3):88-92. DOI 10.23946/2500-0764-2017-2-3-88-92 49. Ladanyi C, Boyd S, Sticco P, Mohling S. Postmenopausal endometriosis, where are we now? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;31(4):267-278. DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000548 Рецензия Для цитирования: Эл-Джефут М., Артымук Н.В. Новое о теориях патогенеза эндометриоза. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2019;4(3):77-82. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-77-82 For citation: Al-Jefout M., Artymuk N.V. Causes and mechanisms of endometriosis: an update. Fundamental and Clinical Medicine. 2019;4(3):77-82. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-77-82 JATS XML

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