Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential biomarker of endometriosis

Soodeh Mahdian, Mahdian S, Reza Aflatoonian, Aflatoonian R, Yazdi RS, Reza Salman Yazdi, Parichehr Yaghmaei, Parichehreh Yaghmaei, Ramazanali F, Fariba Ramazanali, Afsharian P, Parvaneh Afsharian, Maryam Shahhoseini, Shahhoseini M
Fertility and sterility · 2014 · vol. 103(1) , pp. 153–159.e3 · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.031 · PMID:25439837 · W2040708685
article OA: bronze CC0 ⤵ 23 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This study investigates macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential biomarker for diagnosing endometriosis.

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Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and to assess MIF level in peripheral blood.DesignThe expressions of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium were evaluated with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. MIF protein in peripheral blood samples was checked with the use of ELISA.SettingReproductive biomedicine research center.Patient(s)Sixteen normal women and 20 women with endometriosis.Intervention(s)Ectopic biopsies were obtained with the use of laparoscopic procedure, and eutopic and control biopsies were obtained with the use of Pipelle. Peripheral blood samples were collected before laparoscopy.Main outcome measure(s)The expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and the expression level of MIF in peripheral blood samples.Result(s)Relative mRNA expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium than in eutopic and control endometrium. Also, there were significant differences in expression of these genes in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, women with endometriosis had significantly higher circulating levels of MIF compared with control subjects.Conclusion(s)Dynamic expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 during the menstrual cycle could play an essential role in reproduction, inflammation, and endometrium reconstruction. A higher expression of these genes in ectopic endometrium can be considered as a molecular biomarker for endometriosis development and pathophysiology. Also, a high level of MIF in blood serum can act as a biomarker in the diagnosis of endometriosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte Cyclooxygenase 2 Endometriosis Endometriosis Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Intramolecular Oxidoreductases Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors Menstrual Cycle Adult Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte Biomarkers Biomarkers Blood Proteins Blood Proteins Cyclooxygenase 2 Endometriosis Feasibility Studies Female Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Humans

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