Predisposing and Protective Factors of Endometriosis

In: SpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology · 2015 · pp. 7–15 · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18308-4_2 · W2282886733
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Endometriosis risk is associated with early menarche, short cycles, heavy bleeding, nulliparity, low birth weight, and obesity, often linked to elevated estrogen levels or prolonged menstruation.

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This chapter reviews predisposition and protection factors for endometriosis, focusing on epidemiologic and mechanistic links between reproductive history and disease risk. It summarizes associations with early menarche (age ≤11), short menstrual cycles, menorrhagia, nulliparity, low birth weight, and obesity, noting that many factors relate to elevated estrogen or prolonged menstruation. The key finding is that these converging associations support estrogen dependence of endometriosis and connect menstruation-related exposures to risk, with the caveat that the discussion is based on reported associations rather than new pooled analyses in the chapter itself. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it synthesizes predisposing and protective factors (e.g., estrogen-related and menstruation-related exposures) underlying endometriosis risk.

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Abstract

A number of risk factors are associated with endometriosis, including early menarche (age ≤ 11 years), short menstrual cycles ( 7 days or 80 mL), [1], nulliparity, low birth weight [2] and obesity [1, 3, 4] have been related to higher risks of endometriosis. Most risk factors are associated either with elevated estrogen levels or prolonged menstruation. This strengthens the estrogen dependence of endometriosis and the association between menstruation and endometriosis. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others

References

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Human Reproduction Update, 17(2), 159–170. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2015 The Author(s) About this chapter Cite this chapter Gupta, S., Harlev, A., Agarwal, A., Pandithurai, E. (2015). Predisposing and Protective Factors of Endometriosis. In: Endometriosis. SpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18308-4_2 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18308-4_2 Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18307-7 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18308-4 eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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