Fertility Preservation in Endometriosis Patients: Anti-Müllerian Hormone Is a Reliable Marker of the Ovarian Follicle Density

Elisabetta Garavaglia, Cinzia Sala, Gianluca Taccagni, Michela Traglia, Caterina Barbieri, Stefano Ferrari, Massimo Candiani, Paola Panina-Bordignon, Paola Panina‐Bordignon, Daniela Toniolo
Frontiers in surgery · 2017 · vol. 4 , pp. 40 · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2017.00040 · PMID:28791295 · W2739197342
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 15 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This study found that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) reliably reflects ovarian follicle density in endometriosis patients and can predict follicular density for ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This retrospective analysis and sub-study evaluated whether serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and ovarian follicular density measured from cortical biopsies are linked in 202 women with endometriosis undergoing ovarian cortex cryopreservation, compared with 400 premenopausal controls. AMH levels (measured with two commercial kits across two labs, with age, kit, and lab included as covariates) were lower in endometriosis than in controls primarily among women older than 36 years, and AMH decreased with age faster in endometriosis than in controls (age-by-status interaction beta = 0.27). Primordial follicle numbers declined with decreasing AMH in both groups, with the subset biopsy data showing limited statistical power and no clearly significant case-control difference in primordial follicle counts. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it assesses whether AMH reliably reflects ovarian reserve and follicular density in endometriosis patients preparing for fertility preservation via ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

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Abstract

Objective: To analyze the ovarian reserve via measurement of follicular density and AMH in endometriosis patients participating to a clinical program of cortical ovarian cryopreservation. Design: Retrospective analysis of serum AMH levels and prospective investigation of ovarian follicle number. Setting: University Hospital. Patient(s): Two hundred and two women with endometriosis and 400 controls. Intervention(s): Blood samples and ovarian biopsies. Main Outcome Measure(s): Correlation of serum AMH levels and the number of non-growing follicles in the biopsied cortical tissues in endometriosis and control subjects, including age, type of AMH kit, and the laboratory performing the analysis as covariates. Result(s): AMH levels were shown to decrease with age in untreated endometriosis patients (P <1.0x10-5) but they were significantly lower in endometriosis compared to controls only in patients over 36 years old (P = 2.7x10-4). The AMH decrease was faster in endometriosis compared to controls (beta = 0.27, P = 4.0x10-4). Primordial follicle number decreased with the reduction of AMH levels in both cases and controls (beta = 0.3; P = 0.04). Conclusion(s): AMH is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve in endometriosis patients and it can predict follicular density in women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

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endometriosis

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