Precision medicine approaches for targeted therapy in endometriosis: A promising future

Natalia Żeber‐Lubecka, Stepan Feduniw, Joanna Kacperczyk‐Bartnik, Paweł Bartnik, Marta Włodarczyk, Monika Abramiuk, Michał Ciebiera
In: Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders · 2026 · doi:10.1177/22840265261459541 · W7166143103
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This paper reviews promising new endometriosis therapies including immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, epigenetic targeting, and microbiome research to address limitations of current hormonal and surgical treatments.

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Abstract

The development of novel therapies for endometriosis is a rapidly evolving field, encompassing diverse approaches to address this complex and chronic condition. Current treatment modalities, predominantly hormonal therapies and surgical interventions, fall short of providing optimal outcomes, necessitating a quest for more effective and targeted solutions. Endometriosis is a multifaceted disorder with intricate connections to various factors, including the immune system, genetics, menstrual patterns, and cellular metaplasia. Immunotherapy emerges as a promising avenue, recognizing the pivotal role of the immune system in the disease’s development and progression. Studies reveal immune system imbalances in women with endometriosis, including altered cytokine production and compromised immune cell function. Potential immune therapy targets encompass G-CSF treatment, hypoxia alleviation, TNF antagonists, and vaccinations. Intriguingly, intra-uterine ethiodized oil administration demonstrates a positive impact on fertility, influencing immune cells and enhancing endometrial receptiveness. Notably, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, are being explored for endometriosis treatment. Endometrial stem cells and epigenetic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, presenting potential targets for intervention. Understanding the microbiome’s influence on endometriosis is also emerging. Investigating microbiome-based biomarkers and personalized treatment strategies adds another layer to the evolving landscape of endometriosis management. In conclusion, the pursuit of novel endometriosis treatments is rapidly advancing, with immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, epigenetic targeting, and microbiome research opening new possibilities. Integrating these approaches while prioritizing patient safety and individualized care holds promise for improved management of this challenging condition.

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