Does Exposure of Lead and Cadmium Affect the Endometriosis?

Min-Gi Kim, Mingi Kim, Young-Sun Min, Young‐Sun Min, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Yeon‐Soon Ahn
International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021 · vol. 18(17) , pp. 9077 · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179077 · PMID:34501666 · W3198456810
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This study found that lead exposure, particularly with co-exposure to cadmium, was associated with a statistically higher incidence of endometriosis among female workers compared to the general population.

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of blood lead levels (BLLs) and lead and cadmium exposure on endometriosis (EM). The study cohort consisted of female workers who underwent a lead-associated special medical examination between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004 (n = 26,542). The standard admission rate (SAR) and admission odds ratio (OR) for EM were calculated using the general population and noise-exposed groups, respectively, for the same period as the reference standards. The SAR for EM was 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.48) in lead-exposed workers and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.11–1.85) in workers with BLLs < 5 μg/dL when compared with that of the general population. Admission ORs of EM in lead-exposed workers and those with BLLs < 5 μg/dL were statistically higher than those of noise-exposed workers (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15–1.70 and OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.98, respectively). The relative excess risk due to interaction of lead and cadmium was 0.33. Lead exposure was associated with EM admission. EM admission in lead-exposed workers with BLLs < 5 μg/dL was statistically higher than that of the general population and noise-exposed workers. Co-exposure to lead and cadmium has a synergistic effect with EM.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Occupational Exposure Occupational Exposure Occupational Exposure Cadmium Cadmium Cohort Studies Female Humans Lead Lead

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