Clotrimazole is effective, safe and tolerable for the treatment of endometriosis and functions by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase and modulating oxidative stress biomarkers

Machado DE, Daniel Escorsim Machado, Enrico Mendes Saggioro, Saggioro EM, Sidney Fernandes Sales, Sales Junior SF, Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior, Alessandra-Perini J, Jéssica Alessandra-Perini, de Campos Gomes Diniz L, Luciana de Campos Gomes Diniz, Coelho WS, Wagner Santos Coelho, Patrícia Zancan, Zancan P, Jamila Alessandra Perini
Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2023 · vol. 564 , pp. 111883 · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2023.111883 · PMID:36736881 · W4318757282
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Clotrimazole effectively treated endometriosis by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase and modulating oxidative stress biomarkers, demonstrating safety and tolerability.

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Abstract

This study investigated the mechanism of action of clotrimazole (CTZ) and its adverse effects in a model of endometriosis. After autologous endometrial implantation, 18 rats were randomized into two treatment groups: 200 mg/kg CTZ or vehicle for 15 consecutive days. The lesion growth, implant size, glandular atrophy, nitric oxide (NO) serum levels, number of macrophage cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity were significantly reduced in the CTZ group compared with the control. CTZ (p < 0.05) reduced the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels in the liver but did not alter the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) or glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels in the brain; however, the drug significantly reduced SOD activity and enhanced GST activity in the liver. These results suggest that CTZ interferes with reactive nitrogen species production by downregulating iNOS expression and thus enhances the antioxidant system to promote atrophy and regression of endometriotic lesions, without adverse effects on the brain and/or liver.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole Clotrimazole

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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