Complex Mechanisms of Matrix Metalloproteinases Involvement in Endometrial Physiology and Pathology—An Update

Cornelia Amălinei, Irina-Draga Căruntu, Simona Eliza Giuşcă, Raluca Bălan
In: Proteases in Human Diseases · 2017 · pp. 41–67 · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3162-5_3 · W2735932598
book-chapter OA: closed CC0
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

Matrix metalloproteinases are crucial in normal endometrial function and pathologies like cancer and endometriosis, with their balance with TIMPs impacting prognosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This review updates the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in both normal endometrial physiology and endometrial pathology, emphasizing regulated MMP:TIMP balance across processes such as embryo implantation, uterine involution, and the endometrial cycle. It synthesizes evidence that MMP:TIMP imbalance contributes to endometrial carcinogenesis and invasion, highlighting associations such as strong MMP-2 with weak TIMP-2 immunoexpression for prognosis and high MMP-9 expression for tumor invasiveness. It also describes overlapping pathogenic mechanisms between endometriosis and endometrial cancer/invasion, including detection of increased MMPs in peritoneal fluid and/or endometrial tissue in endometriosis and upregulated expression of migration/angiogenesis markers (e.g., MMP-2, -3, -9, VEGF) in endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells, while noting that future work is needed to clarify interactions among proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis pathways. This paper is centrally about endometriosis— it discusses MMP/TIMP dysregulation in endometriosis pathogenesis and highlights overlap with endometrial carcinogenesis and invasion.

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last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
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