Evidence for Surgery for Pelvic Pain

In: Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain · 2021 · pp. 71–84 · doi:10.1017/9781108877084.008 · W3135104240
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Surgery for pelvic pain, particularly endometriosis resection and adhesiolysis, can be beneficial when performed by qualified surgeons and complemented by other therapies.

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This chapter discusses the evidence base for surgical treatment of chronic pelvic pain, contrasting surgery-focused approaches with multimodal care using physical therapy, pharmacologic treatment, and psychological counseling. It highlights a key limitation in comparing outcomes across providers: variability in surgical skill and differing definitions of what constitutes complete resection (for example, complete endometriosis excision). In qualified hands, it states that endometriosis resection is beneficial when other pain causes are also addressed, and that patients undergoing complete adhesiolysis also show good pain improvement, though pain can recur and repeat procedures may be considered. The chapter notes hysterectomy for pain as controversial, particularly for younger or nulligravid patients. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it summarizes evidence that surgical resection of endometriosis can benefit patients with chronic pelvic pain (with attention to adequate completeness and treatment of other causes).

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Abstract

Among the physicians who see patients for pelvic pain some feel that the only proper treatment is surgery and others that nonsurgical treatment should be the mainstay of therapy. The truth of course lies in the middle, and the most effective providers are not only excellent surgeons but also recognize the importance of physical therapy, pharmacological treatments, and psychological counseling. One of the problems with assessing the effectiveness of surgery and comparing outcomes between the providers is that there are different skill levels, and what one provider calls complete resection of endometriosis or adhesiolysis another may deem as incomplete. In the hands of good and qualified surgeons some procedures unequivocally are beneficial for patients. Resection of endometriosis has clearly been shown to be beneficial provided other causes of pain are also treated. In our practice patients with complete adhesiolysis also seem to have good improvement of pain. It is true that pain may return with time but patients may have few good years, after which they may be candidates for a repeat procedure. Hysterectomy for pain is of course controversial, especially in younger or nulligravid patients.
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Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Buy print or eBook [Opens in a new window] A Practical Manual - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Chapter 1 Introduction to Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 2 Neurobiological Basis of Pelvic Pain - Chapter 3 History and Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 4 Psychological Assessment of a Female Patient with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Assessment for Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 6 Pharmacological Management of Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 7 Evidence for Surgery for Pelvic Pain - Chapter 8 Pelvic Pain Arising from Endometriosis - Chapter 9 Bladder Pain Syndrome - Chapter 10 Pelvic Pain Arising from Pelvic Congestion Syndrome - Chapter 11 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chapter 12 Vulvodynia - Chapter 13 Pelvic Pain Arising from Adhesive Disease - Chapter 14 Pelvic Pain Arising from Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - Chapter 15 Pudendal Neuralgia - Chapter 16 Other Peripheral Pelvic Neuralgias - Chapter 17 Chronic Pain After Gynecological Surgery - Chapter 18 Pain Arising from Pelvic Mesh Implants - Chapter 19 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Arising from Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 20 Physical Therapy Interventions for Musculoskeletal Impairments in Pelvic Pain - Chapter 21 If Everything Else Fails - Index - References Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2021 Edited by Book contents - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Chapter 1 Introduction to Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 2 Neurobiological Basis of Pelvic Pain - Chapter 3 History and Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 4 Psychological Assessment of a Female Patient with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Assessment for Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 6 Pharmacological Management of Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 7 Evidence for Surgery for Pelvic Pain - Chapter 8 Pelvic Pain Arising from Endometriosis - Chapter 9 Bladder Pain Syndrome - Chapter 10 Pelvic Pain Arising from Pelvic Congestion Syndrome - Chapter 11 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chapter 12 Vulvodynia - Chapter 13 Pelvic Pain Arising from Adhesive Disease - Chapter 14 Pelvic Pain Arising from Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - Chapter 15 Pudendal Neuralgia - Chapter 16 Other Peripheral Pelvic Neuralgias - Chapter 17 Chronic Pain After Gynecological Surgery - Chapter 18 Pain Arising from Pelvic Mesh Implants - Chapter 19 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Arising from Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 20 Physical Therapy Interventions for Musculoskeletal Impairments in Pelvic Pain - Chapter 21 If Everything Else Fails - Index - References Among the physicians who see patients for pelvic pain some feel that the only proper treatment is surgery and others that nonsurgical treatment should be the mainstay of therapy. The truth of course lies in the middle, and the most effective providers are not only excellent surgeons but also recognize the importance of physical therapy, pharmacological treatments, and psychological counseling. One of the problems with assessing the effectiveness of surgery and comparing outcomes between the providers is that there are different skill levels, and what one provider calls complete resection of endometriosis or adhesiolysis another may deem as incomplete. In the hands of good and qualified surgeons some procedures unequivocally are beneficial for patients. Resection of endometriosis has clearly been shown to be beneficial provided other causes of pain are also treated. In our practice patients with complete adhesiolysis also seem to have good improvement of pain. It is true that pain may return with time but patients may have few good years, after which they may be candidates for a repeat procedure. Hysterectomy for pain is of course controversial, especially in younger or nulligravid patients. - Type - Chapter - Information - Management of Chronic Pelvic PainA Practical Manual, pp. 71 - 84Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021 Stratton, P. Evaluation of acute pelvic pain in nonpregnant adult women. UpToDate2016.Google Scholar Kruszka, PS, Kruszka, SJ. Evaluation of acute pelvic pain in women. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(2):141–7.Google Scholar ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. Practice Bulletin 174: Evaluation and management of adnexal masses. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(5):e210–26.Google Scholar Rivera Dominguez, A, Mora Jurado, A, Garcia de la Oliva, A, de Araujo Martins-Romeo, D, Cueto Alvarez, L. Gynecological pelvic pain as emergency pathology. Radiologia. 2017;59(2):115–27.Google Scholar Gaitán Hernando, G, Reveiz, L, Farquhar, C, Elias Vanessa, M. 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