Role of Steroid Hormones: Estrogen and Endometriosis

Elke Winterhager
In: Endometriosis · 2011 · pp. 140–144 · doi:10.1002/9781444398519.ch13 · W1546705302
other OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 3 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-28 ⓘ

Endometriosis exhibits estrogen dependence, evidenced by altered estrogen receptor ratios, increased local estrogen synthesis via aromatase, and upregulated estrogen-dependent genes in affected tissues.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is considered as an estrogen-dependent disease. These findings are supported by changes in the estrogen receptor α to estrogen receptor β ratio and by a local increase in estrogen synthesis in endometriotic tissues. The enhancement of local estrogen can be explained by an increase in aromatase and a lower regulation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, several estrogen-dependent genes are upregulated in eutopic and ectopic endometriotic tissues, probably responsible for maintenance of the ectopic lesions as well as impairment of fertility. New therapeutic concepts focus on a reduction in local estrogen levels by interfering with estrogen synthesis and action.

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endometriosis

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