Epidemiology of Endometriosis in Tamil Nadu, India

T. Ramani Devi, Balamuthu Kadalmani, C. Anchana Devi
In: Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences · 2022 · vol. 9(3) , pp. 15–24 · doi:10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.3.04 · W4280558350
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This study analyzed endometriosis incidence and related factors in infertile women undergoing laparoscopy in Tamil Nadu, India, finding higher rates in women aged 26-35 and advanced stages, associated with higher socioeconomic status, lower BMI, and primary infertility.

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This paper studies the incidence and epidemiologic features of endometriosis among infertility patients undergoing laparoscopy in Tamil Nadu, analyzing factors including age, socioeconomic status, BMI, infertility type, parity, symptoms, family and menstrual history, prior medical history, ultrasound findings, and endometriosis stage, along with laparoscopy findings. It reports that incidence was higher in women aged 26–35 years, with stage 3–4 endometriosis more frequent than stage 1–2, and that endometriosis was more common in higher socioeconomic classes, lower BMI, and primary infertility; dysmenorrhea was the most common symptom, and family history was more frequent. Ultrasound was described as the main diagnostic tool (with MRI rarely used), but the authors note that early-stage disease may show no positive ultrasound findings, while ultrasound can detect endometriomas, deep infiltrative endometriosis, and adenomyosis and other associated findings. Relevance to endometriosis: the study is centrally about endometriosis epidemiology in an infertility population and also references ultrasound detection of adenomyosis and other associated pelvic conditions, directly connecting it to endometriosis and adenomyosis research.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease of women of the reproductive age group. Pain and infertility are the main symptoms. This paper attempts to study the incidence of endometriosis among infertility patients undergoing laparoscopy. Following parameters such as age, SE status, body mass index (BMI), type of infertility, parity, symptoms, family history, menstrual history, medical history, ultrasound (USG) findings, stages of endometriosis, associated findings, and laparoscopy findings were analyzed. Incidence of endometriosis was higher between 26 and 35 years and at all ages stage 3 and stage 4 endometriosis were higher than stage 1 and stage 2. Endometriosis is more common in higher socio-economic class and in women with lower BMI and primary infertility. Among all the symptoms of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea is the most common and most important pointer towards the diagnosis of endometriosis. There is also higher incidence of family history among endometriosis patients. Menstrual cycles are invariably regular. Diagnosis of endometriosis is mainly through USG and rarely magnetic resonance imaging is performed to confirm the presence of endometriosis. In early stages of endometriosis, USG may not show any positive findings. USG can pick up endometriomas, deep infiltrative endometriosis, adenomyosis, and associated findings such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids, and Mullerian anomalies. Laparoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Staging is done based on laparoscopy and simultaneously treatment is also carried out. Stage 1 and 2 patients underwent cauterization of the lesions. Advanced stages of endometriosis underwent cystectomy, adhesiolysis, and excision of the deep lesions and ultimately the pelvic anatomy is regained. Women were planned for further fertility treatment based on the staging of the disease.
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Epidemiology of Endometriosis in Tamil Nadu, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.3.04Keywords: Body mass index, Endometriosis, Epidemiology, Laparoscopy, UltrasoundAbstract Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease of women of the reproductive age group. Pain and infertility are the main symptoms. This paper attempts to study the incidence of endometriosis among infertility patients undergoing laparoscopy. Following parameters such as age, SE status, body mass index (BMI), type of infertility, parity, symptoms, family history, menstrual history, medical history, ultrasound (USG) findings, stages of endometriosis, associated findings, and laparoscopy findings were analyzed. Incidence of endometriosis was higher between 26 and 35 years and at all ages stage 3 and stage 4 endometriosis were higher than stage 1 and stage 2. Endometriosis is more common in higher socio-economic class and in women with lower BMI and primary infertility. Among all the symptoms of endometriosis, dysmenorrhea is the most common and most important pointer towards the diagnosis of endometriosis. There is also higher incidence of family history among endometriosis patients. Menstrual cycles are invariably regular. Diagnosis of endometriosis is mainly through USG and rarely magnetic resonance imaging is performed to confirm the presence of endometriosis. In early stages of endometriosis, USG may not show any positive findings. USG can pick up endometriomas, deep infiltrative endometriosis, adenomyosis, and associated findings such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids, and Mullerian anomalies. Laparoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Staging is done based on laparoscopy and simultaneously treatment is also carried out. Stage 1 and 2 patients underwent cauterization of the lesions. Advanced stages of endometriosis underwent cystectomy, adhesiolysis, and excision of the deep lesions and ultimately the pelvic anatomy is regained. Women were planned for further fertility treatment based on the staging of the disease. Downloads Downloads Published How to Cite Issue Section License Copyright (c) 2022 T. Ramani Devi, B. Kadalmani, C. Anchana Devi This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license to published articles. Under this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their content, but they allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content as long as the original authors and source are cited. Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article.

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endometriosisadenomyosisdysmenorrheainfertility

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