Association between Sexual Activity during Menstruation and Endometriosis: A Case-Control Study.

Sanaz Mollazadeh, Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei, Mahin Kamalifard, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Mojgan Mirghafourvand‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, Nayyereh Aminisani, Mehri Jafari Shobeiri
International journal of fertility & sterility · 2019 · vol. 13(3) , pp. 230–235 · doi:10.22074/ijfs.2019.5601 · PMID:31310078 · PMC6642425 · W2981793308
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 10 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This case-control study found a significantly higher occurrence of endometriosis in women who engaged in sexual activity leading to orgasm during menstruation compared to those who did not.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This case-control study (conducted in 2017 at Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran) evaluated whether sexual activity during menstruation—specifically vaginal intercourse or non-coital activities leading to orgasm—was associated with endometriosis. It recruited 185 reproductive-age women with confirmed endometriosis and 370 reproductive-age controls without endometriosis, using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzing differences with chi-squared tests plus conditional logistic regression to control confounders. The study found that reported sexual activity during menstruation leading to orgasm was significantly more common among women with endometriosis, and this pattern remained associated in multivariable analysis. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically examines the association between sexual activity during menstruation that leads to orgasm and endometriosis risk.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of endometriosis in the general population is estimated at 7-10%. There are various risk factors for this disease, including early menarche age, prolonged menstruation or no history of pregnancy. It seems that sexual activity leading to orgasm during menstruation increases the retrograde menstruation, sending endometrial tissue to an abnormal sites and thus increasing the risk of endometriosis. The present study is aimed to determine the association between sexual activity during menstruation and endometriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study, conducted in the year 2017, recruited 555 women who were visited at Alzahra Hospital in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran. The case group comprised 185 women of reproductive age with confirmed endometriosis. The control group comprised 370 women of reproductive age without endometriosis visiting the hospital for other issues. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on previous studies. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis was done using conditional logistic regression to control confounding variables. RESULTS: The sexual activity of the two groups during menstruation was significantly different. The occurrence of endometriosis in women who stated they had vaginal intercourse or non-coital sexual activities, leading to orgasm during menstruation, was significantly higher compared to those who stated they did not. CONCLUSION: According to our findings, there is an association between sexual activities leading to orgasm during menstruation and endometriosis.

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endometriosis

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