Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

What was done? A review of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for the imaging of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. What was found? AI models can assist with the recognition, segmentation, and localization of uterine f…

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can result in chronic pain through complex nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pathways. This article provides a comprehensive background on endometriosis as well as future direct…

As our understanding of chronic pain conditions, including endometriosis-related pain and chronic pelvic pain evolves, the evaluation and management of patients should reflect our increasing appreciation of the role of central sensitization…

We outline a call to action for reproductive health researchers to include patient and public involvement (PPI) in research. PPI prioritizes the patient perspective from study design through dissemination of results which centers the people…

Common benign gynecologic conditions such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are linked to chronic pelvic pain, abnormal and heavy uterine bleeding, and infertility. Effective medical management of these diseases is an unmet need. The st…

Dysmenorrhea is common in adolescents. Most have primary dysmenorrhea and respond to empiric treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or hormonal therapies. Infrequently, patients have persistent symptoms requiring further ev…

Infertility is estimated to affect about 10% to 15% of couples. Most cases of infertility have etiologies that can be attributed to tubal factors, ovulatory dysfunction, endometriosis, uterine factor, male factor, or diminished ovarian rese…

Ovarian reserve refers to the number of oocytes remaining in a woman's ovaries that have the potential to yield a pregnancy. This is a concept based on the fact that the number of oocytes within a woman's ovaries and her ability to achieve …

Patients with pelvic pain suffer from psychological conditions at a disproportionately high rate compared with their peers. We review environmental, genetic, inflammatory, and neurobiological factors that increase vulnerability to developin…

Uterine factor infertility (UFI) may affect up to 1 in 500 reproductive age women. The uterus is an essential component of achieving pregnancy and carrying a pregnancy to term successfully. There are many etiologies of UFI which may be cate…

Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, represents a period of time during which newly arising symptoms can present complex management decisions for providers. Many women present to care with complaints of hot flashes, vaginal and sexu…

Epigenetic influences have been postulated to affect the course of endometriosis. DNA methyltransferases, estrogen and progesterone receptors, micro-RNAs, and histone deacetylators, have shown differential expression in endometriosis compar…

Endometriosis is common, affecting 5% to 10% of reproductive age women. Nearly half of women with surgical evidence of endometriosis fail to achieve spontaneous pregnancy. Surgical treatment of endometriosis can be detrimental to ovarian re…

Endometriosis is a condition with variable location, size, and lesion composition which poses a diagnostic imaging challenge for the practicing gynecologist. Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the most frequent imagi…

Endometriosis-associated cancers include clear cell and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. A history of endometriosis has long been considered to be a risk factor for later development of these malignancies; however, recent molecular genetic e…

Approximately 30% to 50% of women that have the diagnosis of endometriosis also struggle with infertility. Twenty five percent to 50% of women diagnosed with infertility also have endometriosis, but the endometriosis may not be severe enoug…

Endometriosis is a complex, puzzling disease in women of reproductive age. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, different genetic and environmental factors contribute to the evolution of the disorder. Further investigation ha…

Endometriosis and adenomyosis may be accurately diagnosed using ultrasound (US). Several findings are characteristic and various US modalities have been described. Recent development of 3-dimensional transvaginal US has resulted in a major …

Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that affects around 6% to 10% of reproductive age women. Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility are the most common presenting symptoms. The disease is characterized by estrogen-dependent gro…

Endometriosis is a common disease affecting reproductive age women. Pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with endometriosis. When medical therapy has failed or in known deeply infiltrating endometriosis, surgical management is…

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract. Population-based trials in the general population have not demonstrated that screening improves early detection or survival. Therefore, application of prevention s…

Preclinical models are relatively underutilized and underfunded resources for modeling the pathogenesis and prevention of ovarian cancers. Several reviews have detailed the numerous published models of ovarian cancer. In this review, we wil…

Endometriosis is a chronic disease with the potential to cause devastating clinical manifestations such as infertility and chronic pelvic disease. Current treatment is limited to surgical intervention and pharmacologic therapy targeting est…

Care of the endometriosis patient today can be complex and difficult. Once medical management has been exhausted and symptoms persist patients desire further treatment options. This chapter takes an evidence-based approach at discussion of …