Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

Endometriosis is a complex, puzzling disease in women of reproductive age. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, different genetic and environmental factors contribute to the evolution of the disorder. Further investigation ha…

Endometriosis and adenomyosis may be accurately diagnosed using ultrasound (US). Several findings are characteristic and various US modalities have been described. Recent development of 3-dimensional transvaginal US has resulted in a major …

The management of chronic pelvic pain poses a significant challenge to both physicians and patients. Patients should be evaluated for both gynecologic and nongynecologic conditions, and >1 source may be identified. Treatment involves medica…

Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that affects around 6% to 10% of reproductive age women. Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility are the most common presenting symptoms. The disease is characterized by estrogen-dependent gro…

Endometriosis is a common disease affecting reproductive age women. Pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with endometriosis. When medical therapy has failed or in known deeply infiltrating endometriosis, surgical management is…

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract. Population-based trials in the general population have not demonstrated that screening improves early detection or survival. Therefore, application of prevention s…

Preclinical models are relatively underutilized and underfunded resources for modeling the pathogenesis and prevention of ovarian cancers. Several reviews have detailed the numerous published models of ovarian cancer. In this review, we wil…

Endometriosis is a chronic disease with the potential to cause devastating clinical manifestations such as infertility and chronic pelvic disease. Current treatment is limited to surgical intervention and pharmacologic therapy targeting est…

Care of the endometriosis patient today can be complex and difficult. Once medical management has been exhausted and symptoms persist patients desire further treatment options. This chapter takes an evidence-based approach at discussion of …

Uterine leiomyomata (UL) have a substantial impact on women's health, but relatively few studies have identified opportunities for primary prevention of these neoplasms. Most established risk factors are not modifiable, including premenopau…

Transvaginal ultrasound is the first-line imaging test for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Transvaginal ultrasound can be used to diagnose structural causes of abnormal bleeding su…

Adnexal masses in children encompass a variety of lesions of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, including ovarian cysts and tumors (benign or malignant), fallopian tube cysts and abscesses, paratubal cysts, and endometriomas. When developing …

A variety of mass lesions may affect the vulva. These may be non-neoplastic, or represent benign or malignant neoplasms. A review of benign mass lesions and neoplasms of the vulva is presented.

Endometriomas are common in reproductive-aged women, but controversy exists regarding their management. PubMed was searched to identify pertinent studies on outcomes of medical and surgical management of endometrioma, with focus on randomiz…

This review discusses multiple cutaneous malignancies that can present on the perineum. Although all of these neoplasms are uncommon, a focus will be on the more common neoplasms including extramammary Paget disease, basal cell carcinoma, s…

An "adnexal mass" is a common specimen encountered in the daily pathology practice. Although most are benign, the incidence of malignancy increases with age, and approximately 30% are malignant in postmenopausal females. Herein we describe …

Hysterectomy remains one the most common procedures performed in North America. Because of a better understanding of a wide array of disease states and with emerging, more focused minimally invasive treatment options, a relative decline has…

This article will discuss the diagnosis of osteoporosis in premenopausal women and the evaluation and management of those with low-trauma fractures and/or low bone mineral density. As secondary causes (glucocorticoid excess, anorexia nervos…

Little is known regarding the early aspects of ovarian carcinogenesis. As a consequence, the identification of women at risk for the disease is based primarily on clinical grounds, with family history being the most important risk factor. I…

Postoperative infection is the most commonly seen complication of surgery in obstetrics and gynecology. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis has greatly decreased though not completely eliminated this adverse outcome. Postoperative infections …

A novel origin for pelvic serous cancer (ovarian cancer) has been proposed in the distal oviduct. This has important implications, including both early detection in high-risk women and wisdom of relying on serological tests to detect a dise…

This review on uterine factor infertility focuses on the most common congenital and acquired conditions affecting the uterus. Clinical approaches based upon the current literature are assessed. Recommendations are provided for which conditi…

Endometriosis is associated with infertility; however, the etiology of this association is unclear, thus complicating management. Several mechanisms of pathogenesis have been proposed; however, no one theory has been implicated. Medical the…

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists confirm advantages of conventional minimally invasive surgery over laparotomy for benign gynecological procedures; however, a…