Stammzellen im Endometrium

Zusammenfassung Das Konzept, dass endometriale Stammzellen für die zyklische Regeneration des Endometriums verantwortlich sind, stößt auf zunehmende Akzeptanz. Die Expression von Stammzellmarkern wie Oct-4, Telomerase und Musashi-1 im Endometrium und der Nachweis multipotenter Differenzierungseigenschaften klonaler endometrialer Zellen unterstützt diese These. Adulte endometriale Stammzellen repräsentieren nur einen geringen Prozentsatz aller Stroma- und Drüsenzellen, sodass die Identifizierung spezifischer Marker zur weiteren Differenzierung dieser Zellen von großer Bedeutung ist. Eine Dysregulation der Stammzellfunktion wird mit der Pathogenese proliferativer Endometriumerkrankungen wie der Endometriose, der ektopen Manifestation von Endometrium außerhalb des Uterus, in Verbindung gebracht. Eine induzierte Differenzierung dieser Stammzellen könnte ein zukünftiges neues Therapiekonzept darstellen. Neben der Existenz gewebsständiger Stammzellen gibt es Hinweise auf einen Ursprung endometrialer Stammzellen im Knochenmark, und auf das Vorkommen von Stammzellen im Menstruationsblut. Letztere könnten regenerative Therapieoptionen z. B. für Patienten mit einem Myokardinfarkt entscheidend erweitern. Abstract In recent years the concept of adult stem cells mediating cyclic endometrial regeneration has become increasingly accepted. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of endometrial expression of stem cell markers such as Oct-4, Musashi-1 and telomerase, and by demonstration of the multi-lineage differentiation potential of clonal endometrial cells. Adult stem cells only represent a small percentage of all stromal and glandular cells of the endometrium; therefore, identification of additional specific markers to further characterize these cells is needed. A dysregulation of stem cell function is implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the endometrium, including endometriosis, the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. An induced differentiation of these cells may prove to be a fruitful therapeutic concept in the near future. Apart from endometrial tissue stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells have been identified in the endometrium, in addition to menstrual blood-derived stem cells. The latter may expand therapeutic options in regenerative medicine, e. g. for patients suffering from myocardial infarction. Similar content being viewed by others Literatur Allen C, Hopewell S, Prentice A et al (2009) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004753 D’Hooghe TM (1997) Clinical relevance of the baboon as a model for the study of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 68:613–625 Gargett CE (2007) Uterine stem cells: what is the evidence? Hum Reprod Update 13:87–101 Götte M, Wolf M, Staebler A et al (2008) Increased expression of the adult stem cell marker Musashi-1 in endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. J Pathol 215:317–329 Halme J, Hammond MG, Hulka JF et al (1984) Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis 1. Obstet Gynecol 64:151–154 Hida N, Nishiyama N, Miyoshi S et al (2008) Novel cardiac precursor-like cells from human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal cells. Stem Cells 26:1695–1704 Hill RP, Perris R (2007) Destemming cancer stem cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 99:1435–1440 Li L, Xie T (2005) Stem cell niche: structure and function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21:605–631 Manolopoulos K, Tinneberg HR (2005) Endometriose und Infertilität. Zentralbl Gynakol 127:325–328 Matthai C, Horvat R, Noe M et al (2006) Oct-4 expression in human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 12:7–10 Meng X, Ichim TE, Zhong J et al (2007) Endometrial regenerative cells: a novel stem cell population. J Transl Med 5:57 Mills JC, Gordon JI (2001) The intestinal stem cell niche: there grows the neighborhood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:12334–12336 Moore KA, Lemischka IR (2006) Stem cells and their niches. Science 311:1880–1885 Müller R, Lengerke C (2009) Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells: promises and challenges. Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:195–203 Park IH, Zhao R, West JA et al (2008) Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature 451:141–146 Patel AN, Park E, Kuzman M et al (2008) Multipotent menstrual blood stromal stem cells: isolation, characterization and differentiation. Cell Transplant 17:303–311 Patel AN, Silva F (2008) Menstrual blood stromal cells: the potential for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 3:443–444 Sampson JA (1927) Peritoneal endometriosis due to. the menstrual dissemination of endometrial. tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 14:422–469 Sasson IE, Taylor HS (2008) Stem cells and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1127:106–115 Schöler HR (2004) Das Potenzial von Stammzellen. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 47:565–577 Taylor HS (2004) Endometrial cells derived from donor stem cells in bone marrow transplant recipients. JAMA 292:81–85 Yip GW, Smollich M, Götte M (2006) Therapeutic value of glycosaminoglycans in cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 5:2139–2148 Interessenkonflikt Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Wolf, M., Kiesel, L. & Götte, M. Stammzellen im Endometrium. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 7, 185–189 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-009-0318-5 Published: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-009-0318-5