Homeopathy for Heteropathy: FSS and Its Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Endometriosis

Yang Yu, Yu Yang, Tiantian Sun, Jingyu Zhang, Songquan Wu, Xin Tong, Fazheng Zhao, Fengdong Zhao, Xin Fu
Drug design, development and therapy · 2025 · vol. Volume 19 , pp. 5009–5032 · doi:10.2147/dddt.s523737 · PMID:40524806 · PMC12169002 · W4411186659
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This review summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Foshou San (FSS) and its components, demonstrating their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease and endometriosis through mechanisms like apoptosis regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, bile acid, and gut microbiota.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This paper is a narrative review of Foshou San (FSS), a traditional Chinese compound formula composed of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, focusing on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics to explain its reported therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and endometriosis (EMs). The authors compile chemical components (167 reported constituents, including phthalides, phenolic/organic acids, phenols, and nitrogen-containing compounds) and link these to mechanisms they discuss across apoptosis regulation, oxidative stress/inflammation, ferroptosis, bile acid/intestinal flora, and related pathway enrichment. They emphasize that FSS’s pharmacological effects are attributed to specific constituents and the multi-component, multi-target nature of the formula, citing preclinical findings in models such as APP/PS1 transgenic mice and cerebral ischemia rat models. A key limitation stated implicitly by the review format is that it synthesizes prior studies rather than presenting new experiments, and the selection process is based on literature keyword searches from PubMed and CNKI. This paper is centrally about endometriosis and AD—Foshou San (FSS) is reviewed for mechanisms and components claimed to treat both conditions.

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Abstract

Foshou San (FSS), which is a traditional Chinese compound formula. So far, a variety of components have been isolated and identified from its complex composition. These findings endow it with diverse pharmacological activities. According to a number of studies, FSS has significant efficacy in treating cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and gynecological diseases like Endometriosis (EMs). Behind these curative effects, the specific chemical components of FSS play a crucial role. In this paper, the research progress of FSS in phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics are reviewed. Through comprehensive analysis of apoptosis regulation, oxidative stress and inflammation, ferroptosis, bile acid and intestinal flora, we further demonstrate the feasibility and potential of FSS in treating of AD and EMs. This not only reveals the potential mechanism of FSS, but also provides valuable experience and enlightenment for future research and application in related fields.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer Disease Drugs, Chinese Herbal Drugs, Chinese Herbal Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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