The Robotic-Assisted Treatment of Endometriosis: A Colorectal Surgical Perspective

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecologic condition defined as the presence of uterine lining, or endometrium, outside of the uterine cavity. Implants create a proinflammatory environment secondary to the production of cytokines, prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases. The inflammation present in endometriosis lesions leads to scar tissue formation and adhesions between pelvic organs. Severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility are the most common symptoms of women diagnosed with endometriosis. Symptoms can be debilitating affecting work productivity and quality of life. From a clinical standpoint, endometriosis is distinguished by three distinct manifestations: (1) superficial endometriosis, (2) ovarian endometriomas, and (3) deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Though they can present simultaneously, these three types of endometriosis vary in severity, symptoms, and management. DIE is of the most clinical importance from a colorectal surgical perspective. This is the most advanced form of endometriosis. These lesions invade beyond the superficial peritoneum and can involve sites such as the rectovaginal space, the bowel, appendix, bladder, ureter, lung, liver, umbilicus, as well as other locations. The rectosigmoid is among the most common sites of involvement. When DIE of the rectosigmoid leads to transmural infiltration, stenosis, or obstruction, colorectal expertise is necessary. Collaboration between the gynecologic and colorectal surgeon can lead to sustained clinical improvement. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others

Schorge J, Schaffer J, Halvorson L, Hoffman B, Bradshaw K, Cunningham F. Williams gynecology. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2008. Ferrero S, Alessandri F, Racca A, Leone Roberti Maggiore U. Treatment of pain associated with deep endometriosis: alternatives and evidence. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(4):771–92. Giudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet. 2004;364(9447):1789–99. Halis G, Mechsner S, Ebert AD. The diagnosis and treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(25):446–55. quiz 456. Sampson J. Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1927;14:422. Olive DL, Henderson DY. Endometriosis and mullerian anomalies. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;69(3 Pt 1):412–5. Blanco RG, Parithivel VS, Shah AK, Gumbs MA, Schein M, Gerst PH. Abdominal wall endometriomas. Am J Surg. 2003;185(6):596–8. Sampson JA. Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation. Am J Pathol. 1927;3(2):93–110.43. Inoue T, Chida M, Inaba H, Tamura M, Kobayashi S, Sado T. Juvenile catamenial pneumothorax: institutional report and review. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;10:83. Ichida M, Gomi A, Hiranouchi N, Fujimoto K, Suzuki K, Yoshida M, et al. A case of cerebral endometriosis causing catamenial epilepsy. Neurology. 1993;43(12):2708–9. Ferguson BR, Bennington JL, Haber SL. Histochemistry of mucosubstances and histology of mixed mullerian pelvic lymph node glandular inclusions. Evidence for histogenesis by mullerian metaplasia of coelomic epithelium. Obstet Gynecol. 1969;33(5):617–25. Bulun SE. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(3):268–79. Eskenazi B, Warner ML. Epidemiology of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1997;24(2):235–58. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;955:11–22. discussion 34–6, 396–406. Ozkan S, Murk W, Arici A. Endometriosis and infertility: epidemiology and evidence-based treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1127:92–100. Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis: 1996. Fertil Steril 1997;67(5):817–21. Hornstein MD, Gleason RE, Orav J, Haas ST, Friedman AJ, Rein MS, et al. The reproducibility of the revised American Fertility Society classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1993;59(5):1015–21. Vercellini P, Trespidi L, De Giorgi O, Cortesi I, Parazzini F, Crosignani PG. Endometriosis and pelvic pain: relation to disease stage and localization. Fertil Steril. 1996;65(2):299–304. Guzick DS, Silliman NP, Adamson GD, Buttram Jr VC, Canis M, Malinak LR, et al. Prediction of pregnancy in infertile women based on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine’s revised classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1997;67(5):822–9. Tuttlies F, Keckstein J, Ulrich U, Possover M, Schweppe KW, Wustlich M, et al. ENZIAN-score, a classification of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2005;127(5):275–81. Tomassetti C, Geysenbergh B, Meuleman C, Timmerman D, Fieuws S, D’Hooghe T. External validation of the endometriosis fertility index (EFI) staging system for predicting non-ART pregnancy after endometriosis surgery. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(5):1280–8. Adamson GD, Pasta DJ. Endometriosis fertility index: the new, validated endometriosis staging system. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1609–15. Kamergorodsky G, Ribeiro PA, Galvao MA, Abrao MS, Donadio N, Lemos NL, et al. Histologic classification of specimens from women affected by superficial endometriosis, deeply infiltrating endometriosis, and ovarian endometriomas. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(6):2074–7. Adamson GD. Endometriosis classification: an update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;23(4):213–20. Koninckx PR. Biases in the endometriosis literature. Illustrated by 20 years of endometriosis research in Leuven. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998;81(2):259–71. Nnoaham KE, Hummelshoj L, Webster P, d’Hooghe T, de Cicco Nardone F, de Cicco Nardone C, et al. Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(2):366–373.e8. Sinaii N, Plumb K, Cotton L, Lambert A, Kennedy S, Zondervan K, et al. Differences in characteristics among 1,000 women with endometriosis based on extent of disease. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(3):538–45. Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Buggio L, Barbara G, Frattaruolo MP, Fedele L. “I can’t get no satisfaction”: deep dyspareunia and sexual functioning in women with rectovaginal endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2012;98(6):1503–11.e1. Ek M, Roth B, Ekstrom P, Valentin L, Bengtsson M, Ohlsson B. Gastrointestinal symptoms among endometriosis patients—a case-cohort study. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:59. Remorgida V, Ferrero S, Fulcheri E, Ragni N, Martin DC. Bowel endometriosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2007;62(7):461–70. Ruffo G, Crippa S, Sartori A, Partelli S, Minelli L, Falconi M. Management of rectosigmoid obstruction due to severe bowel endometriosis. Updates Surg. 2014;66(1):59–64. Venable JH. Endometriosis of the ileum: four cases with obstruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972;113(8):1054–5. Exacoustos C, Manganaro L, Zupi E. Imaging for the evaluation of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28(5):655–81. Abrao MS, Goncalves MO, Dias Jr JA, Podgaec S, Chamie LP, Blasbalg R. Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(12):3092–7. Bazot M, Darai E. Sonography and MR imaging for the assessment of deep pelvic endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005;12(2):178–85. quiz 177, 186. Davis L, Kennedy SS, Moore J, Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;3, CD001019. Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N. Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1583–8. Telimaa S, Ronnberg L, Kauppila A. Placebo-controlled comparison of danazol and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis after conservative surgery. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1987;1(4):363–71. Vercellini P, Cortesi I, Crosignani PG. Progestins for symptomatic endometriosis: a critical analysis of the evidence. Fertil Steril. 1997;68(3):393–401. Vercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, Aimi G, Zaina B, Crosignani PG. Comparison of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device versus expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(2):305–9. Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;12, CD008475. Duffy JM, Arambage K, Correa FJ, Olive D, Farquhar C, Garry R, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;4, CD011031. Chapron C, Vercellini P, Barakat H, Vieira M, Dubuisson JB. Management of ovarian endometriomas. Hum Reprod Update. 2002;8(6):591–7. Tarjanne S, Sjoberg J, Heikinheimo O. Rectovaginal endometriosis-characteristics of operative treatment and factors predicting bowel resection. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2009;16(3):302–6. Fritzer N, Tammaa A, Salzer H, Hudelist G. Dyspareunia and quality of sex life after surgical excision of endometriosis: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;173:1–6. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, Bettoni G, Gotsch F. Long-term follow-up after conservative surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(4):1020–4. Moini A, Bahar L, Ashrafinia M, Eslami B, Hosseini R, Ashrafinia N. Fertility outcome after operative laparoscopy versus no treatment in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis. Int J Fertil Steril. 2012;5(4):235–40. Vercellini P, Pietropaolo G, De Giorgi O, Daguati R, Pasin R, Crosignani PG. Reproductive performance in infertile women with rectovaginal endometriosis: is surgery worthwhile? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(5):1303–10. Gui B, Valentini AL, Ninivaggi V, Marino M, Iacobucci M, Bonomo L. Deep pelvic endometriosis: don’t forget round ligaments. Review of anatomy, clinical characteristics, and MR imaging features. Abdom Imaging. 2014;39(3):622–32. Dunselman GA, Vermeulen N, Becker C, Calhaz-Jorge C, D’Hooghe T, De Bie B, et al. ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(3):400–12. Jatan AK, Solomon MJ, Young J, Cooper M, Pathma-Nathan N. Laparoscopic management of rectal endometriosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49(2):169–74. Koh CE, Juszczyk K, Cooper MJ, Solomon MJ. Management of deeply infiltrating endometriosis involving the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(9):925–31. Tarjanne S, Heikinheimo O, Mentula M, Harkki P. Complications and long-term follow-up on colorectal resections in the treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis extending to bowel wall. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(1):72–9. Nezhat FR, Sirota I. Perioperative outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparoscopy surgery for advanced-stage endometriosis. JSLS 2014;18(4). doi:10.4293/JSLS.2014.00094. Ercoli A, D’asta M, Fagotti A, Fanfani F, Romano F, Baldazzi G, et al. Robotic treatment of colorectal endometriosis: technique, feasibility and short-term results. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(3):722–6. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland About this chapter Cite this chapter Vargas, M.V., Moawad, G., Obias, V., Aziz, M. (2017). The Robotic-Assisted Treatment of Endometriosis: A Colorectal Surgical Perspective. In: Obias, V. (eds) Robotic Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43256-4_17 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43256-4_17 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43254-0 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43256-4 eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.