The Keeper, a menstrual collection device, as a potential cause of endometriosis and adenomyosis

Spechler S, Stacey Spechler, Lynnette K. Nieman, Premkumar A, Ahalya Premkumar, Pamela Stratton, Stratton P
Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2003 · vol. 56(1) , pp. 35–37 · doi:10.1159/000072329 · PMID:12867766 · W2075854512
Case report OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 4 in-corpus citations
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This case report describes a woman who developed endometriosis and adenomyosis after four years of using the Keeper, a menstrual collection device.

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Abstract

Barrier contraceptive devices like the cervical cap and diaphragm and menstrual collecting devices may block menstrual flow, increase retrograde menstruation, and thus theoretically increase the likelihood of developing endometriosis or adenomyosis. We describe the case of a woman with a prior tubal ligation who after four years of regular use of the Keeper, a menstrual collecting device, developed endometriosis and adenomyosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosischronic_pelvic_painadenomyosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Equipment and Supplies Menstruation Menstruation Adult Adult Contraception, Barrier Contraception, Barrier Contraception, Barrier Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Equipment and Supplies Equipment and Supplies Female Female Humans Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

References (8)

Cited by (4)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-10-14T06:08:39.101224+00:00
openalex
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License: CC0 · commercial use OK