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A Nap, P Armstrong, J Quigley, E Sidebottom, M Balbin, A Pendas, J Una, M Jimenez, J Freije, C Lopez-Otin, K Bruner, Eisenberg Yeaman, G Anderson, T Mcbean, J Osteen, K, Bruner-Tran, Eisenberg Kl, G Yeaman, T Andersen, J Mcbean, K Osteen, L Matnsian, W Rodgers, F Gorstein, H Chung, J Lee, H-S Moon, S Hur, M Park, Wen Polan, M, Y Wen, S Chun, C Nezhat, B Woo, Lake Polan, E Giannopoulou, P Katsoris, M Hatziapostolou, Kardamakis Kotsaki, E Polytarchou, C Parthymou, A Papaioannou, S Papadimitnou, E, J Gilabert-Estelles, A Estelles, J Gilabert, R Castello, F Espana, C Falco, A Romeu, M Chinvella, E Zorio, J Aznar, C Gottschalk, K Malberg, M Arndt, J Schmitt, A Roessner, D Schultze, J Kleinstein, S Ansorge, B Gurates, S Bulun, P Hennet, P Cornet, P Lemome, C Galant, C Singer, P Cortoy, Y Eeckhout, E Marbaix, S Hernandez-Barrantes, M Bernardo, M Toth, R Fndman, D Hulboy, L Rudolph, I Kokonne, M Nisolle, J Donnez, Courtou, M Leeman, S Curran, Murray Gl, X Liu, Y He, O Peng, O Abulafia, D Sherer, G Bergers, K Javahenan, K Lo, J Folkman, D Hanahan, D Charnock-Jones, A Sharkey, J Rajput-Williams, D Burch, J Schofield, S Fountain, C Boocock, S Smith, M Dhanabal, R Ramchandran, Mjf Waterman, H Lu, B Knebelmann, M Segal, V Sukhatme, P Smoes, S Gillerot, Casanas-Roux F Nisolle, R Gazvam, Templeton, A Griffioen, D Van Der Schaft, A Barendsz-Janson, A Cox, Struijker Boudier, H Hillen, H Mayo, M Hull, Clk Chan, K Bruner-Tran, Bdt Tom, Fan, T-Pd Smith, S, D Ingber, T Fujita, S Kishimoto, K Sudo, T Kanamaru, H Brem, Jwm Maas, P Groothuis, Gaj Dunselman, De Goeij, Afpm, Haj Evers, Jlh, Afpm De Goeij, Le Noble, Fac Dunselman, Gaj De Goeij, Afpm Struijker, Haj Boudier, Jlh Evers, K Mayo, H Park, M Mccarthy, J Mclaren, A Demir, Afpm Goeij, F Casanas-Roux, V Anaf, J Mine, D Oosterlynck, C Meuleman, H Sobis, M Vandeputte, P Konmckx, M O'reilly, T Boehm, Y Shing, N Fukai, G Vasios, W Lane, E Frynn, J Birkhead, Olsen, J Sampson, Dwj Van Der Schaft, Rpm Dings, Q De Lussanet, L Van Eijk, Rgh Beets-Tan, J Wagstaff, A Gnffioen, A Wingfield M Macpherson, D Healy, P Rodgers, M Yamaoka, T Yamamoto, T Masaki, S Ikeyama, M Ziche, L Morbidelli, R Choudhun, H Zhang, S Donmni, Granger, R Bicknell, F Bronson, C Desjardins, Kl Matnsian Lm Bruner, * Rodger, F Gorstem, Charnock-Jones Os Sharkey, A Rajput-Williams, J Burch, D Schofield, J, N Ferrara, J Fu|imoto, H Sakaguchi H Hirose R Wen, T Tamaya, G Molema, H Struijker Boudier, Hillen Hf, F Griimmer R Schwarzer, K Bamczyk, H Hess-Stumpp, P A Regidor, A Schindler, E Winterhager, Bdm Tom, T Fan, Smith Sk, Kishimoto Sudo, K Kanamaru, T Brem, H Folkman, Cam Koks, Dunselman, Haj Struijker Boudier, Gaj Groothuis Pg Dunselman, S Matsuzaki, M Cams, T Murakami, P Dechelotte, M Bruhat, K Okamura, A Akande, J Asselm, S Keay, D Cahill, S Muttuknshna, N Groome, P Wardte, A Bagnato, F Spmella, Barbara Np Wrana, J Letarte, E Bruner-Tran Kl Eisenberg, T Yeaman Gr Anderson, D Chin, G Boyle, P Parsons, Coman Wb, S Darrow, J Vena, R Bart, M Zielezny, A Michalek, Salman, T Dhooghe, C Bambra, Gaj Suleman Ma Dunselman, Jlh Evert, P Komnckx, L Deligdisch, J Dueng, H Nueckel, Huettmann, E Kruse, T Hoelter, K Halfmeyer, A Fuehrer, N Rudolph R Kalhon, A Nusch, S Deaglio, F Malavasi, T Moeroey, L Klein-Hitpass, U Duehrsen, J Godkin, J Dore, P Flono, S Luisi, P Vigano, M Busacca, M Fadalti, A Genazzam, F Petraglia, J Fujimoto, H Sakaguchi, R Hirose, H Wen, L Giudice, J Irwin, S Kim, Y Choi, H Chae, K Kim, C Kim, B Kang, Struijker, Jca Bouma-Ter Steege, Vljl Thijssen, * Ever, Sharpe-Timms Kl, T Igarashi, Fm Reis, A Blasio, G Ambrosini, Di Loreto, C Petraglia, F, J Sanfilippo, N Wakim, Schikler, M Yussman, N Seki, J Kodama, I Hashimoto, A Hongo, M Yoshinouchi, T Kudo, K Sharpe-Timms, Tabibzadeh Mason, Jm Shea, Y Cai, Murray, B Lessey, R Taylor, Lundeen, D Lebovic, M Mueller, P Vercellini, L Fedele, G Pietropaolo, G Frontino, E Somigliana, P Crosignani, C Winkel, Y Absenger, B Kreft, J Kratzschmar, B Haendler, N Schiitze, P-A Regidor, T Anmoto, T Katagin, K Oda, T Tsunoda, T Yasuhi, Y Osuga, H Yoshikawa, O Nishii, T Yano, Y Taketani, Y Nakamura, L Bello, C Giussani, G Carrabba, M Pluden, V Lucini, M Pannacci, D Caronzolo, G Tomei, F Villani R, Scaglione, Carroll, A Bikfalvi, A Bergqvist, S Jeppson, S Kullander, D Buchanan, T Setiawan, D Lubahn, J Taylor, T Kurita, G Cunha, P Cooke, L Coussens, B Fingleton, R Batt, Michalek, S Selman, M Drenkhahn, D Gescher, E Wolber, Malik Meyhofer, Malik, P Giannopoulou E Katsoris, D Kardamakis, E Kotsaki, C Polytarchou, A Parthymou, S Papaioannou, E Papadimitnou, J Arends, Afpm De Goei|, R Grummer, F Schwarzer, Bainczyk, Fan Td, Lebovic Dl, R Baldocchi, Le Maas, Fac Noble, Afpm Goeg, Haj Stacker Boudier, Rjt Van Golde, Jham Tueriings, P Sutter, Pieters, J Giltay, Pmm Kastrop, J Curvers, S Nienhuis, K Hamulyak, J Rosing, Nap, Cmlgd Thomassen, Evers, G Tans, Bouma-Ter Steege, Groothuis, Afpm Goei|, Jlh Eveis, Hamulyak, R Van Oerle, Lcm Van Pampus, M Spaanderman, J Damoiseaux, L Peeters, C Punyadeera, ) De Goei, R Kamps, Afpm ; Aw De Goeij, Gaj ; Dunselman, C Punyadeera-Mylonas, L Klein Hitpass, Dunselman Gaj ; Curvers, J Thomassen, Cmlgd Nienhuis, S Hamulyak, K Tans, G Rosing, J Evers, A Demir-Weusten, A Herrler, Afpm Dunselman, Gaj Evers, A Demir Weusten, Jhl Evers, A Demlr, L Schurgers, J Vandekerckhove, Griffioen, Den Hartog, J Nap, A Van Der Kuy, Phm, Jca Evers, Jlh Groothuis, P
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This study investigated the influence of oral contraceptive use on endometrial implantation potential by comparing menstrual endometrium with endometrium from OC users, identifying gene transcripts potentially involved in ectopic implantation.

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Abstract

Chapter 1 1.1 Chapter 1 13.2.2Ce// actf?es/on mo/eci//es Adhesive properties of endometrial cells determine the process of attachment of retrogradely shed endometrium to the peritoneal lining.Several cell adhesion molecules are expressed by endometrial cells and modulate cell-matrix and cell-cell attachment, including integrins, cadherins, laminin-binding proteins, the immunoglobulin superfamily and CD44 (Stetler-Stevenson ef a/., 1993).In endometrium and endometriosis, integrins and cadherins have been studied extensively.The integrins belong to a large family of transmembrane glycoproteins that provide an anchorage for cells to the ECM and are involved in direct invasion and motility of cells (Curran and Murray, 2000).The expression of integrins in the endometrium changes during the menstrual cycle (Tabibzadeh 1992; Van der Linden ef a/., 1995; Lessey ef a/., 1998).As conflicting results have been reported with regard to integrins in endometrium and endometriosis, their exact role remains controversial, but aberrant patterns of integrin expression have been associated with reproductive problems, including endometriosis (Lessey ef a/., 1994; Starzinski-Powitz ef a/.. 1999).Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins which mediate cell-cell adhesion.They can act as invasion suppressor molecules by inhibiting the ability of cells to escape from their primary site to initiate invasion.Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is expressed in epithelial glandular cells derived from menstrual effluent, in endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, in peritoneal fluid, in peritoneum and in endometriosis, indicating a role in the maintenance of the epithelial architecture in endometrium (Van der Linden ef a/., 1994; 1995)./n wfro, E-cadherin positive cells are retained in tumour tissue by cell-cell interaction, but when E-cadherin is absent or inactivated, these cells are no longer constrained and invasion can occur (Guilford ef a/., 1999).E-cadherin is therefore considered one of the central players in the establishment of metastasis in human carcinomas (Starzinski-Powitz ef a/., 1999).Gaetje and Starzinski-Powitz hypothesize that endometriotic cells and carcinoma cells share molecular mechanisms of invasion and metastasis that are related to the absence of E-cadherin (Gaetje ef a/., 1997; Starzinski-Powitz ef a/., 1999). InvasionEarly lesion formation is an invasive event, which requires ECM breakdown.The ECM consists of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins including fibronectin and laminin.In addition to its role in determining cell shape, the ECM is important in metabolic processes, influencing cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and it serves as a repository for biologically active growth factors Remodelling and breakdown of the ECM is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Chapter 1 5.To study the influence of the use of oral contraceptives (OC) on the ability of endometrium to implant ectopically.To this end, menstrual endometrium and endometrium of OC users were compared with regard to the potential to form endometriosis-like lesions in the CAM.Microarray studies were performed to identify gene transcripts in menstrual endometrium and in endometrium of OC users that may be involved in the ectopic implantation of endometrium. ReferencesBoucfcaert PXJM Evert JLH Doesburg WH ScheWefcens LA and RoHand R (1986) Pattern* of changes m gfycoprototns polypepMes.and steroids m the peritoneal fluid of women during trie penovulatory phase of the cycle J Clm Endocnnol Metab 62 293-299 Bruner KL.Matnsian LM.Rodger* WH.Gorstem F and Osteen KG (1007) Suppression of matrix metatoprotemases inhibits estabhshment of ectopic lesions by human endometnum in nude mice J Can Invest 99 2851-2857 Bruner KL.Eisenberg E Gorstein F and Osteen KG (1999) Progesterone and transforming growth factor-)) co-ordinately regulate suppression of endometnal matrix metalloproteinases in a model of experimental endometnosis Steroids 64 648-653

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endometriosis

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