Regulation of Angiogenic Growth Factors in the Female Reproductive Tract by Estrogens and Progestins

Salman M. Hyder, S M Hyder, George M. Stancel, G M Stancel
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 1999 · vol. 13(6) , pp. 806–811 · doi:10.1210/mend.13.6.0308 · PMID:10379879 · W2072931885
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This review outlines the molecular mechanisms by which estrogens and progestins regulate angiogenic growth factors in the female reproductive tract, emphasizing the need for further research into their roles in reproductive health.

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Abstract

Proper regulation of angiogenesis and vascular permeability is essential for the physiological functioning of the female reproductive tract, and major health problems in women, such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine cancer, involve a vascular component. There is a large body of literature that describes the effects of sex steroids on the vasculature of the reproductive tract, but far less is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate these important actions. We hope that this minireview will help emphasize the need for mechanistic studies in this area to improve treatment and prevention of these major health problems in women. Specifically, we believe it will be important to 1) define the exact roles of FGF, VEGF, and other factors in physiological and pathological events in the reproductive tract and the cell types and receptors involved; 2) identify estrogen and progesterone receptor subtypes, the DNA elements, nuclear protein factors, and signaling pathways that mediate regulation of these genes by sex steroids; 3) elucidate any mechanisms of cross-talk between sex steroids and other regulatory factors in the overall regulation of FGF, VEGF, and other angiogenic/permeability factors; and 4) eventually understand how genetic polymorphisms of key regulatory elements affect angiogenesis and the regulation of vascular function in the female reproductive tract.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endothelial Growth Factors Estrogens Fibroblast Growth Factors Genitalia, Female Lymphokines Progestins Animals Cell Membrane Permeability Endothelial Growth Factors Estrogens Female Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Fibroblast Growth Factors Genitalia, Female Humans Lymphokines Neovascularization, Physiologic Neovascularization, Physiologic Pregnancy

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References (74)

Cited by (17)

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