Primary umbilical endometriosis: a rare variant of extragenital endometriosis
Case report
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⤵ 21 in-corpus citations
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This case report describes primary umbilical endometriosis, a rare variant of extragenital endometriosis, presenting as a painful umbilical mass and highlighting diagnostic challenges and surgical treatment.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of extra-uterine endometrial tissue. The prevalence rate of umbilical endometriosis ranges from 0.5 to 1.0% of all patients with extragenital endometriosis. In this report, we present a case of primary umbilical endometriosis to highlight the challenges encountered during diagnosis. A nulliparous 39-year-old woman presented to our department with a 2-year history of a tender, painful and non-reducible, firm umbilical mass that enlarged slowly reaching 2 cm in diameter. She had never been pregnant nor had any abdominal surgery. There was no sequential bleeding. Ultrasound of the umbilical region showed a well defined, oval shaped anechoic area. Histological examination on a cutaneous biopsy concluded umbilical endometriosis. The patient was subsequently referred to a gynecologist and underwent surgery with en bloc excision of the lesion. Generally, umbilical endometriosis presents as a roundish tumuor that can either partly or completely occupy the umbilical scar with intermittent bleeding. Characteristically, the mass increases with the menstrual cycle, becoming more evident and usually harder and is associated with cyclic pain. Its pathogenesis remains uncertain. Clinical diagnosis is difficult, and umbilical endometriosis can be easily confused with other conditions such as benign and malignant tumours. Ultrasound examination is useful, and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Several cases of malignant transformation have also been described.
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Cited by (21)
- Case Report: Primary Umbilical Endometriosis without Dysmenorrhea or Dyspareunia 2023
- Rare extragenital endometriosis: pathogenesis and therapy 2022
- Postmenopausal Spontaneous Umbilical Endometriosis: A Case Report 2020
- Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of extragenital endometriosis in Japan, 2018 2020
- Umbilical endometriosis along with peritoneal endometriosis: a case report 2019
- Extrapelvic Endometriosis: A Systematic Review 2019
- Umbilical Swelling: A Diagnostic Dilemma 2017
- Primary Umbilical Endometriosis: Unusual and Rare Clinical Presentation 2016
- Primary Skin Umbilical Endometriosis: About One Case 2016
- Primary umbilical endometriosis: A painful swelling in the umbilicus concomitantly with menstruation 2016
- Scar endometriosis: Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration 2015
- Primary umbilical endometrioma: Analyzing the pathogenesis of endometriosis from an unusual localization 2015
- Endometriosis primaria: un diagnóstico diferencial dentro de las lesiones nodulares umbilicales 2014
- Umbilical Endometriosis without Pelvic Surgery 2014
- Surgical excision of umbilical endometriotic lesions with laparoscopic pelvic observation is the way to treat umbilical endometriosis 2014
- Primary umbilical endometriosis: a case report and review of literature 2014
- Primary Umbilical Endometriosis: Report of a Rare Case 2014
- Spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis of the umbilicus 2013
- Primary umbilical endometriosis. Case report and discussion on management options 2013
- Clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from umbilical endometriosis 2012
- Primary umbilical endometriosis - Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration 2011
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- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-10-12T06:17:10.165071+00:00
- openalex
- last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
- pubmed
- last seen: 2026-10-08T21:06:31.728877+00:00
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