Effect of Danazol on NK Cells and Cytokines in the Mouse Uterus

Ken Takeshi Kusakabe, Ken Kusakabe, Kusakabe K, Shoko Morishima, Morishima S, Nobuaki Nakamuta, Nakamuta N, Li ZL, Zhong-Lian Li, Zhong‐Lian Li, Otsuki Y, Yoshinori Otsuki
The Journal of reproduction and development · 2007 · vol. 53(1) , pp. 87–94 · doi:10.1262/jrd.18074 · PMID:17077583 · W2084110240
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 4 in-corpus citations
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-13 ⓘ

Danazol treatment in mice increased pregnancy rates and uterine expression of M-CSF, Ly49, and alpha5 integrin, suggesting it promotes pregnancy by recruiting NK cells and increasing these factors in the uterus.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 · read from full text ⓘ

The paper investigated how danazol affects natural killer (NK) cells and cytokine expression in a mouse uterus, using BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with danazol for two weeks, followed by collection of blood and uteri for cytokine assays, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Danazol treatment increased pregnancy ratio and was associated with up-regulation of serum macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), alongside increased uterine expression of M-CSF and Ly49 (an NK cell phenotypic marker). Immunohistochemical staining showed M-CSF, Ly49, and integrin α5 were detected in the endometrium of treated mice with similar localization patterns. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it studies danazol (used as an endometriosis medicine) and its effects on NK cells and uterine cytokines.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Danazol, which has been used as a medicine for endometriosis, has a valid effect in pretreatment of patients receiving in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, although its reproductive mechanism remains unclear. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with danazol for 2 weeks. Blood and uteri were collected and cytokines were assayed. Following danazol treatment, an increase in pregnancy ratio was evident that was accompanied by up-regulation in serum macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of M-CSF and Ly49, a phenotypic marker of natural killer (NK) cells, was up-regulated in the uteri of the danazol-treated mice. In immunohistochemical analysis, M-CSF and Ly49, together with alpha5 integrin, were clearly detected in the endometrium of the danazol-treated mice with very similar pattern of localization. These results suggest that danazol has an effect to promote pregnancy that induces recruitment of NK cells and a concomitant increase in the expression of M-CSF and alpha5 integrin in the uterus.
Full text 1,505 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 2 sections · click to expand

Keywords

Integrin α5, Danazol, Ly49 antigen, Macrophage-colony stimulating factor, Uterine natural killer cells 2007 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 87-94 Details

Abstract

Danazol, which has been used as a medicine for endometriosis, has a valid effect in pretreatment of patients receiving in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, although its reproductive mechanism remains unclear. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with danazol for 2 weeks. Blood and uteri were collected and cytokines were assayed. Following danazol treatment, an increase in pregnancy ratio was evident that was accompanied by up-regulation in serum macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of M-CSF and Ly49, a phenotypic marker of natural killer (NK) cells, was up-regulated in the uteri of the danazol-treated mice. In immunohistochemical analysis, M-CSF and Ly49, together with α5 integrin, were clearly detected in the endometrium of the danazol-treated mice with very similar pattern of localization. These results suggest that danazol has an effect to promote pregnancy that induces recruitment of NK cells and a concomitant increase in the expression of M-CSF and α5 integrin in the uterus. © 2007 Society for Reproduction and Development この記事はクリエイティブ・コモンズ [表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 4.0 国際]ライセンスの下に提供されています。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.ja Favorites & Alerts Recently viewed articles

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Cytokines Danazol Estrogen Antagonists Killer Cells, Natural Uterus Animals Cytokines Danazol Estrogen Antagonists Estrous Cycle Estrous Cycle Female Interferon-gamma Interferon-gamma Interleukin-12 Interleukin-12 Interleukin-4 Interleukin-4 Killer Cells, Natural Killer Cells, Natural

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (26)

Cited by (4)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-08-16T09:21:09.727480+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-05-11T04:18:53.007311+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:15:12.369988+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK