Expression and significance of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule 3 and its ligand galectin-9 in patients with adenomyosis

Pu Huang, Chunzi Lv, Cheng Zhang, Hairong Feng, Chunyan Li, Hui Zhang, Xingbo Zhao, Xingbo Ζhao, Mingjiang Li
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology · 2020 · vol. 36(7) , pp. 605–610 · doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1754788 · PMID:32319832 · W3017128374
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 8 in-corpus citations
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

This study investigated TIM-3 and Galectin-9 expression in endometrial tissue from adenomyosis patients, finding elevated levels in both eutopic and ectopic endometria compared to controls.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

The T cell immunoglobulin mucin molecule 3 (TIM-3), as a negative regulatory immune checkpoint, plays an important role in cellular immunity by binding to its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9). Under abnormal conditions, this pathway can regulate the depletion of T cells and suppress the immune response. Abnormal expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 has been confirmed in a variety of cancers, recurrent miscarriages, chronic infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. More and more studies have shown that immune factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. However, few studies have attempted to explore their expression in adenomyosis. The ectopic and eutopic endometrium were collected from 15 women with adenomyosis and 13 women without adenomyosis. TIM-3/Gal-9 expression in endometrial tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and real-time PCR. We observed TIM-3/Gal-9 expression in both eutopic and ectopic endometria, with elevated expression in adenomyosis. These data suggest that TIM-3/Gal-9 may be involved in the development and progression of adenomyosis.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

adenomyosis

MeSH descriptors

Adenomyosis Galectins Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adult Case-Control Studies Endometrium Endometrium Endometrium Female Galectins Galectins Gene Expression Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 Humans Immunohistochemistry Middle Aged

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (29)

Cited by (8)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-06-04T01:30:01.192114+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:22:05.164793+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK