Circulating and Endometrial Regulatory T Cell and Related Populations in Endometriosis and Infertility: Endometriosis Is Associated with Blunting of Endometrial Cyclical Effects and Reduced Proportions in Moderate-Severe Disease

Alison J. Hey‐Cunningham, A J Hey-Cunningham, A Riaz, Azmat Riaz, Phillip D. Fromm, P D Fromm, F Kupresanin, Fiona Kupresanin, R Markham, Robert Markham, Helen M. McGuire
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021 · vol. 29(1) , pp. 229–242 · doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00658-4 · PMID:34160778 · W3175333551
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 9 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

Endometrial regulatory T cells in women with endometriosis show blunted cyclical variations and reduced proportions in moderate-severe disease, while circulating regulatory T cells increase in infertile women during the secretory phase.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This prospective cross-sectional study analyzed circulating immune phenotypes and eutopic endometrial tissue immune populations, focusing on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and related CD4+ and lymphocyte subsets, in women with and without endometriosis (n=57 vs 29) using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, with attention to menstrual cycle phase, disease stage, and fertility status. In women with endometriosis, endometrial Tregs and CD4+ lymphocyte proportions did not change between proliferative and secretory phases, whereas in controls they decreased across phases, and overall endometrial Tregs and CD4+ immune proportions were lower in endometriosis. The paper also reports decreased endometrial proportions of CD4+ lymphocytes, overall lymphocytes, and non-granulocytes in moderate-severe disease (r-ASRM III–IV) versus minimal-mild (I–II), and circulating Treg proportions increased in infertile compared with fertile women during the secretory phase. A caveat is that the design is prospective cross-sectional rather than longitudinal. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it characterizes circulating and endometrial Treg and related immune-cell changes linked to menstrual-cycle blunting, disease stage, and infertility.

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Condition tags

endometriosisinfertility

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometrium Infertility, Female T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Endometriosis Endometrium Epithelium Epithelium Female Humans Infertility, Female Prospective Studies T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory Young Adult

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