Immunolocalisation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Endometrium
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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immunolocalised in human endometrium, showing cyclic variation in stromal cells and blood vessels with increased staining in the proliferative phase, suggesting a role in endometrial vascular development.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential component of endometrial regeneration after menses in preparation for implantation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted angiogenic peptide with mitogenic activity specific for endothelial and trophoblast cells. VEGF-immunoreactivity was detected in glandular epithelium throughout the menstrual cycle by immunohistochemistry, but, showed cyclic variation in the stroma and the blood vessels. During the early proliferative phase, strong staining was seen in the glandular epithelial cells while staining in the stroma was confined to a subpopulation of stromal cells and endometrial blood vessels appeared negative. In contrast, very intense staining of the endometrial stromal cells was seen in the mid proliferative endometrium possibly due to increased synthesis of VEGF by oestrogen. In the late proliferative endometrium, staining was seen in the endothelial cells and the perivascular stromal cells around the endometrial blood vessels. The greatest degree of immunostaining of stromal cells was observed in the mid to late proliferative endometrium. Throughout the secretory phase no staining was seen around the endometrial blood vessels and staining of endometrial stromal cells was confined to early secretory endometrium. In the late secretory endometrium only the glands were positive to VEGF antibody. The observed increase in the immunostaining of stroma suggests increased production of VEGF from early to mid and late proliferative endometrium which parallels the increase in the oestradiol levels in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. It is proposed that VEGF may serve as a paracrine mediator of the effects of ovarian steroids on endometrial vascular development.
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- Variation in Hyaluronan-Binding Protein 2 (HABP2) Promoter Region is Associated With Unexplained Female Infertility 2010
- Repair and regeneration of the human endometrium 2009
- Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and its receptor-1 in a luteal endometrium in patients with repeated in vitro fertilization failure 2008
- The relationship between microvessel density, proliferative activity and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and its receptors in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions 2006
- Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, implantation window and early pregnancy 2005
- Role of immunologic and inflammatory factors in the development of endometriosis: indications for treatment strategies 2005
- Role of immunologic and inflammatory factors in the development of endometriosis: indications for treatment strategies 2005
- Expression of ETS-1 related to angiogenesis in uterine endometrium during the menstrual cycle 2003
- Immunology and Endometriosis 2003
- Immunology of Endometriosis and Immunotherapy 2003
- Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and adrenomedullin in the endometrium in adenomyosis 2003
- Immunology of endometriosis 2002
- Influence of severe endometriosis on gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in granulosa cells from patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer 2002
- Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy 2002
- Immunobiology of endometriosis 2001
- Invasion and angiogenesis in endometriosis : experimental studies in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane 2001
- Endometrial angiogenesis throughout the human menstrual cycle 2001
- The Vascular System in the Endometrium: Introduction and Overview 2001
- The effect of progestins on vascular endothelial growth factor, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity and endothelial cell density in human endometrium 2000
- Vascular endothelial growth factor and endometriotic angiogenesis 2000
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Endometrium Is Regulated by Hypoxia<sup>1</sup> 2000
- The effects of levonorgestrel implants on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium 1999
- The effect of etonogestrel on VEGF, oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity and endothelial cell number in human endometrium 1999
- Paracrine action of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: production and target sites, and hormonal regulation 1998
- Angiogenesis in the endometrium 1998
- The effects of levonorgestrel implants on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium 1998
- Endometrial angiogenesis 1998
- The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms in cultured human endometrial stromal cells and its regulation by 17beta- oestradiol 1998
- Vascular endothelial growth factor is produced by peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis and is regulated by ovarian steroids. 1996
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