Integrating endometrial proteomic and single cell transcriptomic pipelines reveals distinct menstrual cycle and endometriosis-associated molecular profiles

Lauren Baugh, Brittany A. Goods, Juan S. Gnecco, Yunbeen Bae, Michael R. Retchin, Constantine N. Tzouanas, Megan Loring, Keith Isaacson, Alex K. Shalek, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Linda G. Griffith
In: medRxiv · 2022 · doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.22269829 · W4210647984
preprint OA: green CC0 ⤵ 4 in-corpus citations
📄 Open PDF View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-12 ⓘ

This study developed an integrated workflow of proteomic and single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify distinct molecular profiles associated with the menstrual cycle and endometriosis, revealing Tyro3 as a potential diagnostic biomarker.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Summary Endometriosis is a debilitating gynecological disorder affecting approximately 10% of the female population. Despite its prevalence, robust methods to classify and treat endometriosis remain elusive. Changes throughout the menstrual cycle in tissue size, architecture, cellular composition, and individual cell phenotypes make it extraordinarily challenging to identify markers or cell types associated with uterine pathologies since disease-state alterations in gene and protein expression are convoluted with cycle phase variations. Here, we developed an integrated workflow to generate both proteomic and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data sets using tissues and cells isolated from the uteri of control and endometriotic donors. Using a linear mixed effect model (LMM), we identified proteins associated with cycle stage and disease, revealing a set of genes that drive separation across these two biological variables. Further, we analyzed our scRNA-seq data to identify cell types expressing cycle and disease- associated genes identified in our proteomic data. A module scoring approach was used to identify cell types driving the enrichment of certain biological pathways, revealing several pathways of interest across different cell subpopulations. Finally, we identified ligand-receptor pairs including Axl/Tyro3 – Gas6, that may modulate interactions between endometrial macrophages and/or endometrial stromal/epithelial cells. Analysis of these signaling pathways in an independent cohort of endometrial biopsies revealed a significant decrease in Tyro3 expression in patients with endometriosis compared to controls, both transcriptionally and through histological staining. This measured decrease in Tryo3 in patients with disease could serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker or treatment avenue for patients with endometriosis. Taken together, this integrated approach provides a framework for integrating LMMs, proteomic and RNA-seq data to deconvolve the complexities of complex uterine diseases and identify novel genes and pathways underlying endometriosis. Graphical abstract Highlights Leverages proteomic data to interpret and direct single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA- seq) analysis Demonstrates successful use of linear mixed effects models to attribute protein expression variance to either menstrual cycle phase or disease state Pathway analysis of disease state proteins guides identification of disease-relevant cell types present in scRNA-seq data, providing foundation for mining those data for receptor-ligand interactions of possible disease relevance A new potential non-hormonal target in endometriosis, TYRO3, emerges from confirming predictions of the receptor-ligand model with transcriptomic and immunohistochemistry analysis of an independent panel of endometrial biopsies

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

endometriosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (61)

Cited by (4)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-06-16T06:24:02.352123+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK