Relation of Female Infertility to Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages

Grodstein F, F Grodstein, Francine Grodstein, M B Goldman, Marlene Goldman, Goldman MB, Ryan L, Louise Ryan, L Ryan, D. W. Cramer, Daniel W. Cramer, Cramer DW
American Journal of Epidemiology · 1993 · vol. 137(12) , pp. 1353–1360 · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116644 · PMID:8333416 · W1930916773
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 37 in-corpus citations
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This study found that higher caffeine consumption correlated with increased risk of tubal disease and endometriosis-related infertility in women.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Several studies have reported an association between caffeine intake and delay to conception. To study this relation further, the authors examined caffeine use in 1,050 women with primary infertility and 3,833 women who had recently given birth during the period 1981-1983 in the United States and Canada. The cases were separated by the cause of their infertility: ovulatory factor, tubal disease, cervical factor, endometriosis, or idiopathic infertility. The relative risks of each type of infertility associated with caffeine were calculated using separate logistic regression models and controlling for relevant confounding factors, such as age, center, cigarette smoking, lifetime number of sexual partners, alcohol consumption, contraception, body mass index, and exercise. A significant increase in the risk of infertility due to tubal disease or endometriosis was observed for the upper levels of caffeine intake, indicating a threshold effect. For tubal infertility, a relative risk of 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.0) was found in women who consumed more than 7 g of caffeine per month as compared with those who consumed 3 g or less per month. For endometriosis, the relative risk was 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-2.9) in women who consumed 5.1-7 g/month and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.4) in those with an intake of more than 7 g/month. These data suggest that caffeine deserves further study with regard to its effects on the female reproductive system.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

endometriosisinfertility

MeSH descriptors

Caffeine Infertility, Female Adult Caffeine Case-Control Studies Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Fallopian Tube Diseases Fallopian Tube Diseases Fallopian Tube Diseases Female Humans Infertility, Female Infertility, Female Logistic Models Risk Factors

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

Cited by (37)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-08-31T06:09:41.840111+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:11:39.448046+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-08-31T06:25:10.444339+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK