Clinical significance of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with endometriosis

Tingting Xia, Xia T, Zeng K, Kefei Zeng, Peng Q, Peng Qingmei, Qingmei Peng, Wu X, Xiaolan Wu, Xianghua Lei, Lei X
Women & health · 2022 · vol. 63(2) , pp. 73–82 · doi:10.1080/03630242.2022.2144986 · PMID:36581403 · W4313311731
Other OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 4 in-corpus citations
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This study found that serum IFN-γ and IL-2 were lower in endometriosis patients, while IL-4 and IL-10 were higher, suggesting these cytokines can aid in diagnosis and identify independent risk and protective factors.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Endometriosis (EMS) is a challenging gynecological disorder prevalent in reproductive-aged women, and Th1/Th2 cytokines are implicated in EMS progression. This study probed the serum levels and clinical values of Th1/Th2 cytokines in EMS patients. Firstly, the clinic characteristics of EMS and control patients were recorded. The levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in the serum of EMS and control patients were identified, respectively. The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the diagnostic values of these cytokines in EMS were analyzed. We observed that EMS patients had obvious differences from the controls in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, nulliparous, and CA125 levels. Serum IFN-γ and IL-2 were lower while IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EMS patients. Serum IFN-γ, IL-4 were negatively correlated with serum IL-2, and IL-10 in EMS patients. Th1/Th2 cytokines may help the diagnosis of EMS. Serum IFN-γ and IL-2 were independent protective factors for EMS while dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nulliparous, and serum IL-4 and IL-10 were independent risk factors for EMS. Collectively, serum Th1/Th2 cytokine levels helped the diagnosis of EMS, with IFN-γ and IL-2 serving as independent protective factors whilst IL-4 and IL-10 serving as independent risk factors.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

dysmenorrheadyspareuniaendometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia Dyspareunia

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

References (42)

Cited by (4)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-10-10T06:11:15.153948+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-10-10T06:10:56.479679+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-10-10T06:25:47.132674+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK