International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

Choice of infertility treatments usually depends on a balance of the chances of conceiving with or without treatment, and with more or less complex and costly treatments, and on other factors such as duration of infertility and the woman's …

Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist/agonist often associated with antiestrogenic effects such as hot flushes and vaginal dryness in premenopausal women. Estrogenic side-effects, such as thromboembolic phenomena and endometrial proliferation…

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the effectiveness of danazol in the management of simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypical features, as has been demonstrated previously. METHODS: Seventy-six patients affected by postmenopausal his…

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficiency of different tumor markers (CA-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-15.3, CA-19.9) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) measurements as a screening procedure for acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PI…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endometrial cryoablation (ECA) as a treatment for menorrhagia. METHOD: Prospective study of 67 women. ECA uses the Joule Thompson principle of expanding gases. The ECA probe has a channel to inject saline solution in…

OBJECTIVES: To identify the effects of unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn on reproductive function and analyze the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. METHODS: The study was based in the gynecological unit of a city based Medic…

Immunologic abnormalities may precede endometriosis and be involved in its pathophysiology especially as it relates to the occurrence of infertility and pregnancy loss. Many cases of unexplained infertility may represent undiagnosed endomet…

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pregnancy rates (PRs) between intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intraperitoneal insemination (IPI) in women receiving comparable ovarian stimulation in couples who were infertile for various infertility condition…

The mechanisms of action of estrogen/progestin oral contraceptives, derivatives of testosterone including danazol and synthetic luteinizing hormone or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in the treatment of endometriosis are reviewed. T…

OBJECTIVE: To determine which of the various cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are important in endometriosis. METHODS: Peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were taken from 55 women at the time of eithe…

Consideration of symptoms reveals serious shortcomings in pathology-based classifications of endometriosis. Premenstrual spotting may be associated with the underlying physiologic or biochemical disturbance. Once the biochemical basis for s…

The historical background to the classification of endometriosis is presented and modern classification systems are reviewed. The effectiveness of the currently used revised American Fertility Society classification system is limited and im…

Conservative surgery at laparoscopy or laparotomy is effective against stage I-IV endometriosis to relieve pelvic pain and treat infertility. The subsequent average conception rate is 45-65%. Recurrence of endometriosis may occur, although …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of ultrasound-guided aspiration of ovarian endometriotic cysts. METHOD: Thirty-four patients with ovarian endometriomas were submitted to transvaginal (28 patients) or transabdominal (6 patients) ultrasou…

This study compares ovulation stimulation or suppression with the pregnancy rate among infertile couples with endometriosis. The design is a nonrandomized, prospective, multicentered cohort analytic study. Two hundred and ninety-seven coupl…

CA-125 levels in menstrual discharge were determined in 55 patients with chronic pelvic pain to evaluate whether this test would be useful in differentiating between pelvic pain due to endometriosis and other causes. Of the 28 women with en…

Pregnancy has long been considered to have beneficial effects on endometriosis. We describe a patient who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy at gestation week 35 for rupture of an ovarian endometrioma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term effects of conservational ovarian surgery on subsequent ovarian function. METHOD: Medical, surgical and menstrual records of 87 reproductive age women who have undergone pelvic surgery for indications …